NORTHUMBERLAND. 
upon bting ease ear ed the whole herd. Such of 
ha o »be own weak and 
fad 
fs ) 
a 
a 
beauty ; the fecond fort are Lege adapted to the bleak 
and heathy diftriéts; the third kind have the advantage of 
wae at an early age, sad pace great quantities of 
ood wool. 
. The sera of a county offer no aaa feature, except 
that the tythes of hay and corn, being for the mo r 
the hands of opulent layme m, renders “commutation for 
money lefs practifed than it otherwife might he annual 
value of eftates rifes from the fmalle a to upwards ss) 
30,0Col. ad eftate only is faid to yield more than 80,00 
a-year the mountains, efpecially near the fources of ie 
Tyne, foe are feveral {mall ar from thirty pounds to 
three hundred a-year, farmed eir proprietors, and as 
thefe have generally been handed Jown through feveral gene- 
rations, a {trong attachment to ancient metho ds of hufbandry 
have defcended it them, and improvements have been 
e la argelt farms are thofe in Glendale 
orough ate ; and fome tenants in the northern 
ct 
into 
2. 
d rich grazing paftures for 
_Allth 
pradtical fcienc 
The rivers of Northumberland are numerous, and {pread, 
by a Saal cane! of branches, pee ai almoft every part 
of thec e the Tyne, the 
F 
till the Lube of their ftreams, are denominated the North 
and South Tyne. This river was formerly celebrated for its 
falmon fifheries ; but thefe are now entirely deftroyed. It 
e in a commercial view, 
The confervatorfhip of the Tyne is 
vefted in the mayor and corporation of Newcaftle, whofe 
jurifdiction extends to high water mark, on both fides of the 
river from t edwin ftreams, above Newburn, 
which diftance is furveyed annually on Afcenfion day. ‘The 
from Scotland, and confequently 
place called-I{weed 
ia efs pa Nosth ees — rivers, much eclebrated 
on e Ettrick, the and the Tiviot. The 
aarail Liaw of the falmon Atheries on this river amounts to 
the enormous fum of 1 Lae ; and the yearly value of the 
falmon fold is eftimated at 60,000/. Near the mouth of the 
the ee of coal. The Cocquet pours its waters into 
the fea near Warkworth, where there is a fifhery for falmon- 
trout and gilfe. By a recent a in its channel, this 
river feems to be preparing itfelf for being an excellent har- 
beur for {mall veffels. e Wanfbeck is the moft noted of 
any ftream in rs Bye for the anks; and 
the united cli a of the 
weed. ovent is remarkable for fine pebble 
Misedleey 1h a mineralogical eltimate, Norhumber- 
land is a county of diftinguifhed importance. Lea 
ord an annua 
xe ore fivor-f 
matrix, and the fides of the mines are often eae econ 
_ pellucid and polifhed cryftals of various minerals; but 
never fhew fo much magnificence and glory as when they 
are ated with yellow ore of copper, and with py- 
rites and black jack, which, in hard veins, difplay a com 
bination of the moft Peau colours nature or imagination 
can depi€t. The other lead-mines are at Shilden, near Cor 
bridge, and at Little Houghton, in the vicinity of Ba 
borough. Indications of the fame metal alfo appear near 
Sinaanes, and in different places fouth of the T'yne 
There a have been mines in Rothbury foreft, and at 
Newborough ; and ore is obtained in confiderable quantities 
“at Fallow-Field, but the fmall quantity of filver it contains 
confift of various kinds of filicious ftone, {chiftus, aed coal. 
Beds of fchiftus ufually conftitute the matrix of the coal- 
feams, both above and below, and frequently exhibit ieee 
ful impreffions of foffit plants, as ferny, vetches, ears 
barley, &c. and, what is remarkable, ‘pine-apple ee 
Layers of iron-ftone are frequent in thefe beds, generally of 
a rhomboidal form, but fometimes in nodules. At Kenton, 
in particular, are difcovered immenfe foffilated trees, fome 
ave been apes into feats, and fhew the yearly 
.o 
oy 
Y or under it, pee igh all the con- 
which are 
e filled u up with a fi 
ve droppe ed in a 
are the receptacles of metals and beautiful {pars ; and others 
of bafalt, a fubftance bearing a near refemblance to lava, 
and hence fuppofed to have been thrown up in a fufed ftate 
from the internal cavities of the earth, and to afford an ap- 
pofite illuftration of the Huttonian theory. A bafalt dyke, 
thus formed in the coal-mine at Walker, is cafed with the 
cinders of coals; but in what manner this phenomenon has 
ccurred 
