NORTHUMBERLAND. 
of nature i 
s, in-the prefent ftate of the 
fcience on which their explanation peculiarly depends, can- 
any pr of attain 
reach in the purfuit of truth, abftratedly from mathematical 
accuracy, we are hardy enough to think that geologilts ma 
one day carry the decifion of the curious and interefting 
lla which now divides the chemical philofophers of 
rope. 
"Belides the minerals already mentioned, feveral others 
of inferior importance are difcovered in Jorthumberland. 
Lime-ftone, of an excellent quality, abounds in almoft all 
parts of the county, except in the coal diftriét, the bound- 
een rme 
thick, certainly a metter of curious {peculation to the na- 
tural hiltorian. Some years ago, a red ftag, in the attitude 
of running, and entire, was dug up here; as well as the 
{calp and horns of fome animal of the bos taurus f{pecies, 
being more than twice the dimenfions of the horns of any ox 
or cow of the prefent day, an inhabitant of this ifland. 
Roads and Canals. ae urnpike roads in this county 
are moitly in good or ie have one material defe&, 
imfide-Moor, and to 
ple being nearer, as the 
e been hanes travelled in lefs time, 
th far lefs Giga. OF - townfhip roads 
but by much the lar 
As to cg it is to Be re 
aust planne ece 
— execution, not one has hitherto been put in actual pro- 
good, 
8. 
Manufactures and Commerce.—Northumberland cannot be 
{aid to poffefs any decided ftaple manufacture. Many arts, 
notwithitanding, are pra¢tifed here upon a large {cale; the 
principal of them, as may be fuppofed from what has been 
itated, being derived from, or conne&ted with, the coal trade 
and mines, as fhip-building, roperies, forges, founderies, 
copperas, coal-tar, foda or marine alkali, white lead, pot- 
teries, glafs works, and a variety of others which it eens 
unneceffary to mention. Hexham has been long noted for 
its manufa€ture of zloves, which employs about 300 per- 
fons. Small manufactures of woollens are likewife efta- 
blifhed at Alnwick, Mitford, and Acklington, ~~ cotton- 
mills have been lately ere€ted at Nether-Witt 
commerce of the county confifts in the exportation ie all the 
loa 
o 
caftle, Berwick, an nemouth are the chief es 
core but numerous {maller keene are difperfed along the 
» anda n the banks of the navigable rivers, 
Political and. ‘Ecole ical Divifro fons and Government,— 
orthumberland is politically divided into fix wards, and 
fix huadred and thirty-five conftablerie he names of the 
wards a dale, le, Glendale, Balmbo- 
the ariftocracy and the ena party in the county is nearly 
equal, the intereit of the duke of Northumberland ae 
one pages and the independent gentlemen and he en an- 
dea uCLICYs. 
vince of Yor 
t 
Population.—According to the parliamentary returns of 
1801, this county, with Berwick-upon-T weed, comprifed 
28,052 houfes, 35,503 ape and 1§7,101 perfons, o 
whom 73,357 were males, a 1744 females. By ihe 
fame eftimate, 25,738 
ce) cake in thisa ejuftly faid 
j the fame more fertile, or 
more ceniies field for the gratification of antiquarian 
at ee 
been fituated on the confines firft of Roman 
Baia ef afterwards of the Englifh monarchy, Northum 
berland, probably, exhibits more veftiges of military art 
than any other portion of ourifland. The wall of Severus, 
and Hadrian’s va'lum, pafs through fouthern part of this 
county, and are laiting monumen 
m4 Caledonian valour. 
al agger or mound of earth, thirty feet broad at the bafe 
and ten feet high, and a ditch, ten feet deep and fifteen feet — 
wide; a fecond mound, three feet high, and fix feet in breadth 
at the bafe; another ditch, twelve feet deep and twenty-four 
over, befides a third agger. fituated about feventy feet from 
the reft cf the work, meafuring thirty feet broad at the bafe, 
and ten feet high. Allt ~_- valla are of eaicucaiar form, 
and, 
