NORWICH. 
tory of the ifland for the memorable events that have occurred 
here, for its numerous ne and for various other ob- 
jects, which we are about to inveftigate and explain. 
ay chiefly occupies the top ee fides of a gentle hill, which 
runs parallel with the river Wenfum on its weftern fide, an 
t this turn, and near 
military ftation, appears 
ab ithed a af eae period, are as_ the ae 
urity, at 
“OF 
o 
cone ; end has no 
fhoulder of renifon. 
didt’s gate int 
efides the cathedral, it contains = ici $s, and 
of various denominations : 
ver, one eof i iro tte four of 
The whole ee was formerly fur ourded. except on 
the fide towards the river, by an embattled wall, flanked 
with forty towers, and had aie os gates ; the iene: is dila- 
pidated, and the latter have been taken down. 
Hiftorical E-vents.—The original foundation of Norwich is 
eafily to be afcertained. Soon after the Romans eftablifhed 
themfelves in Britain, they either ere¢ted fortrefles near the 
the ubdued natives to aflemble 
ole out 
Sarum. Anold diftich eaicner the former event. 
«© Caftor was a city, when Norwich was none ; 
And Norwich was built with Caftor ftone.”’ 
“ Me have ria ie with the name of Norwich,’’ fays 
mden, “ before the Danifh- invafion. So far from its 
oppofite part of the ifland, which opinian was afterwards 
adopted by Dr. Caius; there can be no room for doubt that 
this place received its appellation from the Saioes the 
word Northwic, in their language, fignifying a northern 
i wn. Andon the Saxon coins of various 
us it appears from the m 
erwich was a place of note 
previous to the Danifh 
On the dereliGtion of haa by the Romans, the Saxons 
invaders, t egan 
feffions hey ied feized, aad enable them to execute their 
VoL. XXV. 
plan of finally occupying the whole ifland. At this Pao 
aftle of Norwich, or the fortification on the Wen 
S 
o 
a larg a of country,—pointed it out as an n eligible pine 
to fiz a advanced pott, e Eaft Anglian monarchy was 
pobably eftablifhed between the years 530 and 540, and ard 
caftle ere&ted about the fame period. In the year 642 it i 
faid to have been a fortified royal feat of Aan the foventh 
king of the Eaft Anglian line. Duting the 
curfions of the Danes it was frequently poffelle d Py aa and 
y the Saxons alternately. Its fituation rendere an ob- 
je of importance to the former, and it appears to ae been 
aaa by Ingwar, a Danifh chief, in the year 870, when 
oo was affailed in his palace at cae and killed 
by boa mies. ‘The D 
s or ramparts of 
orwich caftle incompetent for repelling the mode of attack 
ce by the Danes, he caufed others to be ereéted with 
t em 
er 
ee the year oe In the reign of Etheldred, ie caftle 
is i deferibed to have been utterly cutie by the army under 
weyne, king of Denmark, in the year 1004. This mo- 
narch was arene ean by the. Saxon earl Ulfkettle, 
and obli n IOI e Danes again 
returned, and fetelea at Norwich, which Ae fortified, _The 
ca ebu 
ftle appears to have been rebuilt by 
an 
quett, king William appointed Ralph de Waher to the 
earldom of Norfolk, and gave him this caftle for his refi- 
dence. That nobleman joined in rebellion with Waltheof, 
the powerful earl of Northumberland, but, having been de- 
feated, he retreated to his caitle of Norwich, which being 
invefted by the royal army, he withdrew to Normandy, 
leaving to his countefs the charge and defence of the fortrels. 
The garrifon, chiefly confifting of Armorican Britons, made 
an obitinate refiftance, not yielding to the befiegers tit com- 
Inthe reign of 
Henry II. it is ftated by aed writers, that Roger sa 
“ 
