NOSE. 
rated by a enaaae apie with that — divides the 
noftrils. Their outer fides are moveable, and are c e 
alz nafi. The openings are eal re Loria aiid thus affo rd 
a conttant paffage 
nature of their files 
ebrows ; behind, it is joined in he middle by the feptum 
of the noftrils, and it ig continued on the fides with the 
cheeks. 
The nofe is covered in front by a double layer of mufcle 
and fkin, and lined internally by amucous membrane. But 
the effential part of the organ is a bony arch above, formed 
by the two offa nafi, and, below this, membranous fibro-car- 
tilages. Hence it is folid and capable of great refiftance at 
the upper part, fo as to proteét the correfponding ae a of 
the noftrils, the immediate feat of {melling made up o 
thin brittle plates of the ethmoid, from external an 
eee y weak, and fufceptible of motion below, fo 
the openings may be expanded, contraéted, or even 
aie clofed. The middle, although compofed of carti- 
ge, does not move; the dimenfions ie re openings are 
altered by eth ‘of the fides or 
—The moft confiderable of thefe is a 
= 
@ 
e fide 
The inner branch lies 
along the fide and front edge of the feptum, and contri 
greatly, with the correfponding one of the oppofite fide, to 
the thicknefs of this part of the nofe. It is road in front, 
and terminates in a point behind. One furface of it is con- 
tiguous to the feptum; the other is covered by the fkin, 
and the commencement of the mucous membrane. The 
union of thefe two branches forms a prominence at the point 
of the nofe, of which the convexity is very variable, There 
is generally a flight groove, which is fometimes hardly appa- 
rent, feparating this from the correfponding part of the op- 
pofite fide. 
Another {mall piece is placed at the lower and back part of 
the ale nafi, where it is continuous with the check ; it is 
merely a flat portion of irregular figure, furrounded on 
every fide by a a ki ind of fibrous membrane, which unites it to 
= outer branch of the former, to the cartilage of the fep- 
m, and to the nafal procefs of the fuperior maxillary bone. 
This is placed between the fkin and the mucous membrane. 
The parts juft defcribed are . the sae laa tex. 
ture ; ah ret ain their form, when no force is applied to 
them; fo as to leave the aotivile free for the pur of re- 
friration: hy they yield eafily to the mufcles connected with 
The middle of - nofe is formed by a piece of true carti- 
lage, poflefling greater firmnefs than the parts juft defcribed, 
It is called the aie. of the feptum, eae Bichat 
n th 
e angle. are defcribed 
The 
diftin@ly by moft sauien, under the names of cartilage of min 
the feptum, and lateral cartilages. 
The middle and pofterior is the moft confiderable portion, 
and belones to the internal cavities, as well . to the external 
organ, Tt is a broad Hat Piece hidated | 
an 
the middle line 
Its direétion is 
of the nofe, and has a triangular aa 
ndi 8 it deviates towards one 
cular ; fometime. 
in for me 
lane, in the latter convex and concave. Thefe have f 
inequalities and pores, to which the membrane of the nofe 
d ique dire8tion, 
her en- 
52 
heres very clofely. The upper obli 
3 it is , irregular, and eit 
clofed between two plates of the perpendicular lamina of the 
ethmoid, or, if that be fingle, fimply continuous with it. 
The inferior margin is received behind between two plates of 
the lower, and is here rather oblique in the direction for. 
wards and downwards; in front it is rounded, not adherent 
to any part, but placed between the internal branches of the 
right and left fibro-cartilages of the openings of the nofe, 
and concurring with them to form the partition between thofe 
openings. The anterior edge forms the middle of the back 
of the nofe; it is thick above, eae it is fubcutaneous and 
prominent, thin below, where it is entirely concealed by the 
internal branches of the Nines ae of the nafal openings, 
between which it ends in an obtufe angle, formed by its union 
ihr the inferior margin, and corre{ponding to the tip of the 
This s portion of the cartilage is porous and unequal on the 
furface ; lefs flexible than the pieces defcribed previoufly, and 
breaking much more readily when bent. Its 
the fide of reg nofe 
and {fuperior maxillary bone by fhort ligamentous fibres 
below, by a loofe ligamentous Oftue,. to the external beanck 
of the fibro-cartilage of the nafal opening. The external 
furface is convex, and covered by the e compreffor and fkin ; 
the internal is concave, and lined by the pituitary membrane. 
It isthin, and therefore has fome flexibility, but its motions 
are always inconfiderable. When the openings of the nofe 
are dilated, the ala is the part that moves chiefly. 
The cartilages juft defcribed are connected = hier other, 
and ta the edges of the bony opening by a , but tole- 
rably firm fibrous membrane; to the infi i of which the 
pituitary adheres very clofely. They vary very much in fize 
and figure, and hence arife numerous differences in the out- 
ward appearance of the organ in different individuals. Thefe 
variations are of no importance eoeruagred {peaking. The 
ony part of the nofe is conftitut offa nafi and the 
nafal proceffes of the fuperior nay bones. Thefe are 
united above to the frontal bone, and forma ftrong arch, by 
which the interior of the organ is proteGe 
The nafal ferocearalage: give infertion to various. mufcles, 
a form a — rabptal them under the Thefe 
the Ericra MPRESSOR mes m, DEPRESSOR ed 
at fy NasaLis “abit yeas (fee thofe words), and th 
levator labii fu abel and ale nafi, (fee Denon TION.) The 
motions of th ilages have reference to t ects, viz. 
n upwards 
enlarge the aperture laterally 3 we obferve this motion 
eptum, when the 
very neque performe 
fkin of the nofe 1s loofely conne¢ted to the fubjacent 
parts above, and more firmly below. It is laa 
T 2 t 
