NOSE. 
to the bone than to the — furface, while the periofteum 
in other fituations is much more clo Ne attached to the bone 
than to the furrounding par a. en the pituitary is thus 
i a thick ae whitifh, denfe, 
and red towards the nofe. Yet, though the external ap 
pearance and nature of the two lamin are fo euler they 
are infeparably connetted together. The mucous layer i 
ompofed . a well defined corion, to which its thicknel is 
{pongy 
the ie and oe amuch {maller fhare of capillaries, 
d 
fage of the air dries it, and converts it into a har 
In bie ection of the 
this mucous fluid is poured out in in- 
creafed quantity, ff cafe and va a thick, 
tenacious, and w llow. The mucus, onder 
— a line is probabl » In pane evaporated hy 
i ay current of air in breathing to and from the 
rt) 
an which 
: it is partly expelled by the ftrong current of air 
crete through the noftrils in the act of blo owing the nofe, 
probably flows through the back openings into the 
The late tter is the courfe which it takes in the 
: by drawing the air into the lungs entirely 
by the noftrils, the mucus is forced from thofe — into 
the pharynx, and expelied from it again by the 
The openings of the frontal and ethmoid fnufes are fo 
difpofed, that the mucus poured out in them will by its 
: but this is not the cafe with the 
It is, perhaps, hardly neceffary to notice h erro- 
neous notion, which for fo long a time prevailed univerfally 
in phyfiology and pathology, and which is generally enter- 
tained to this da oe thofe who norant of pron my, 
that the nafal mucus comes from the , that it is a kind 
of excrement of he ees cling through the foramina of 
the ethmoi hen opinion, whick an eaf- 
al labour arr have dae: univerfally main- 
tained for centuries, we may 
pS] 
5 
6 
3 
= 
tw 
'B 
pletely deftitute of information for us. Even Vefalius 
adopted the general error, which was not. clearly refuted 
until after. the middle of the 17th century, when C. V. 
Schneider publifhed his work De Catarrhis, and fhewed: that 
re is no connection between the brain and nofe, that the 
dura mater covers the cribriform plate above, and a pecu- 
liar membrane below, and that the latter, extended over the 
whole nafal cavity, is the fource of the fluid generated in 
catarr, 
In confidering the action of the air on the pituitary mem- 
brane and its fecretions, we muift bear in mind that that 
portion which is fent from the lungs is moift air ; that it is 
loaded with the watery vapour formed in the procefs .of 
sa 
to the fu 
numero 
can hardly be traced below its middle. outer feries 
twigs is expanded in a fimilar way on the fuperior and 
ual turbinated bones, but cannot be traced beyond the 
convex edge of the latter. They are {pent on that furface 
of thefe bones, which forms a part of the cavity of the noftril, 
a not on that which is concerned in forming the ethmoid 
The lower and Naaru part e the feptum, and the in- 
ferior concha, receive branches 
nerve; nafal beac of nis Hagema baa: is ‘loft 
upon the front of the feptum, and the tip of the n 
the defcription | of the ramifications of the n For 
peculiar fpecies, by ‘which it is sucks c pana eens 
1t refides in the olfactory nerves. The fecond is common 
fenfation, or the power of receiving thofe general imnpreffions 
which affect all organs poffefling aerate and which, in 
this - is exercifed by the branches of the nerves 
fifth pair. That the 
tum atory nerve, or any 
eafe aeangs the fame nerve, ied the fenfe of Gaile 
which ceafes alfo in the inflam 
c entatio 
of the part continues; and a foreign body, introduced inte 
the cavity, will produce the fame infupportable tickling ae 
ina perfectly. heal*hy fubject. 
The pituitary membrane has very clofe fympathetic con- 
neCtions with other parts. Irritation of it by ftimulating 
powders, acrid fumes, even by its own fecretion in increafed 
quantity, &c. will caufe a flow of tears, and exeite that 
aa ation of the refpiratory mufcles, called {neezing. 
(See Lunes.) Certain odours excite nauiea, and ever 
fucknefs; and fome caufe fainting. It has been afferted,, 
that the impulfe on the retina, when a perfon comes fuddenly 
from a dark place into a bright light, will caufe freezing, 
The brain, is moft readily excited in fyncope, by applications 
to the nofe. This is a — known, fe that burnt. 
feathers, ammoniacal ces, &c. are im mmediately ap- 
plied. to : nofe of a on difpofed to faint. It w 
obferved, 
