NOSE. 
Haller has attempted to arrange odours into certain 
claffes; but he feems to have arrived at no very ftriki 
he 
fults. The diftinions of them, according to their effeGt o 
exciting pleafure or averfion in us, quite conita 
Ithough in gen obferves, all mankind are 
n 
of cheefe, of meat at all approaching to putrefaétion, of 
garlick, or any flrongly fmelling fubftance. We foon ap- 
prove of the {mell of things which are ferviceable in minif- 
tering to -our wants. ‘ sabe hinc Grentandiz incolis 
odor olei balenarum, et phocarum; quibus populis in ea 
ultime terre habitabilis fee dee, nb preter pifces, 
natura reliquit prafidii. Eos ergo ranci 
jufmodi ovis vefcuntur: gratus cafei odor iis, 
genus amant plea ae ene et putridis 
dlephantorum pafcuntur. cetidiffimum garum, 
putriderum nempe hepatum ecue liquamen, habebant in 
deliciis.”” Elem. Phyfiol. tom. v. p. 
The nofe is the ae common paflage for o atmofpheric v 
air to and from the lun the mouth is 
‘b g us this w 
of a body more accurately, w 
in the air by repeated {mall infpirations, fo as to bring fe- 
veral frefh portions into oe with the pituitary mem- 
rane ; ae is called {ni 
It is only by the media of the atmofphere that odours 
are conveyed into the nofe ; if the paflage through thefe ca- 
vities be obftruted, as by elevating the velum palati, clofing 
= front openings, by polypi, &c. the perception of odours 
eafes. 
We do not conceive that the whole nofe ispoqually the 
feat of this fenfe, which, on the contrar 
ary, rs confined 
tothe upper region of the ape k to the toner rannaeed 
bones, and er part of the feptum, on which ol 
fatory nerve is dift hued. That the finufes are not effen- 
tial to {melling, muft be concluded from the circumftance 
that children {mell before thefe cavities are formed. No af- 
fection of the nofe, no difeafe of its hones, which does not 
involve the parts juft {pecified, injures the fenfe. The cu- 
rioufly convoluted ftructure of the fuperior conche, the ar- 
tificial arrangement of the foramina and canals, both in 
thefe and in the feptum, and the numerous nerves diftri- 
buted here, all concur in cea us fix on thefe parts as the 
organs of {melling. In the plain bony excavations forming 
the finufes, in the thin membrane lining them, and provided 
hardly any difcernible nerves, we feeno marks o 
of fenfe. In birds and fithes 
Lae) 
~ 
Ry wih ccfpeM to the frontal finufes; and his re- 
i 
marks are equally ald paral to the — “ Loquele enim, 
eximiz hominis prxrog » hos infervire finus, ex eo im- 
probabile eft, quod tot pee ag ae fimilibus 
quicem finibus, nullum vero, pre ominem, cepa vas 
ftructum fit: quia ae 1 a 
fermo erit, finus frontales abfque loquelz iadapesald plane 
defecerint. Sed neque ad vocem, que humano generi cum 
reliquis animalibus, que per pulmones fpirant, communis eft, 
multum nobis conferre videntur. Infans enim, div antequam 
ipfius conficti funt finus te et antequam loqui didi- 
cit, voce acuta pollet: et multa animalia vocalia abfque 
finibus ; et contra ftupendis alia finibus, attamen debili fal. 
3 
fad 
et egre 
Prolufio Anatom. de Sinibus Fron- 
talibus ; 1779. 
It feems moft probable that the finufes are conne@ted with 
the bufinefs of {melling ; for we can aflign no other fun@tion 
to them, and they are largeft in animals, which have this 
ee in the greateft perfeétion ; we are at a lofs, however, 
o fhew how they coutribute to this procefs. Some have 
eae that the air, loaded _ odoriferous effluvia, en- 
ters them and is retained, fo as to make the odour more 
manent. Blumenbach thinks ae the frontal finufes ee 
a watery fluid, which is of ufe in moiftening the ees 
membrane in ae upper part of the nofe, and rendering it 
more fenfib 
The mg rae {melling performs many important ufes in 
animals ; 
nc h 
nd noxious plants, it proteéts the health of the herbivo- 
us trihes. It difclofes to A approach of thei 
friends and enemies; and a n the Snead a their 
n 
apa by guiding them, at ce feafon of love, to thofe of 
their o 
The ie are which the human f{pecies derives from thie 
fenfe are not fo obvious. In civilized fociety we make lit- 
tle or no ufe of it in feleCting our food; indeed we confume 
very offenfive things, as rotten cheefe, ftinking meat, &c. 
and it is not clear that the latter is lefs wholefome than what 
is frefh. 
ying whales, 
ing thet matters for 
food, and do not feem to be injured ‘ee their A man is 
not led to his mate by the Asa like a bull ora itallion. We 
pe 
difcernere _ poffit, agnam partem ad voluptatem 
ae a - jucunditatem datus eft. _ Quan quam enim un- 
tenues 
Peas fint et tranfitoriz ; ; tamen ex omnibus quinque, 
quos 
