OAT. 
The Efex Short Ed is, one o Mr. Young, re- 
markably fhort and plump, and weighs better than moft 
other kinds. 
ry. 
The Churche’s oat yields — - is white, and comes into 
ear more early than any ot 
ep which is ce lady oo is very 
heavy and hai argely, but the ftem is reedy. 
n addition to thefe fpecies and varieties, there is another 
fpecies fometimes grown, which 1s the aaked oat, which 
Linnzus has obferved, is very nearly allied to the foregoing, 
differing in little elfe, except that the grains quit the hufks, 
and fall naked when they are ripe. 
It 1s faid to be fown in Cornwall in the pooreft croft-land, 
that has been tilled two or three feafons before with potatoes, 
and for the ufes of the poor an{wers all the purpofes of oat- 
meal, It is a {mall yellow grain, and for fattening calves 
accounted fuperior to any other nourifhment 
The oat has an annual fibrous root cae the culm of ftraw 
two feet high and upwards, having the panicle various in the 
different varieties, but always loofe with the fubdivifions of 
it on long peduncles and pendulous. And the two glumes or 
chaffs cf the calyx are marked with lines, pointed at the 
end, longer than the er, and unequal. 
ufually two flowers and feeds in each calyx: they are alter- 
maller one is awnlefs, the larger puts 
rong, two-coloured bent awn from the middle of 
flrong, ave been newly 
broken up from the ftate of grafs. It is fuggefled by the 
author of the report of Middlefex, that though this fort of 
grain generally fells lower than barley, yet, from its being 
ore certain crop, the fupericr utility of the ftraw for the 
it is equal to barley for medium loams. And that for ftronger 
forts of lands, and thofe of the fen kind, it is generally 
fuperior to it, though apt to leave the latd § m amore foul 
and compa condition. On the cold, tenacious, fenny, and 
wet defcriptions of foils, the oat may, indeed, in many cafes 
be fown with more advantage than any eel kinds of crop, 
i roper condition 
or barley, where it can p< fi- 
bly be avoided, as the foil by fuch cropping would be too 
greatly exhaufted. It has been obferved by the author of 
Modern Agriculture, that, in diftri€&ts where improved me- 
thods of hufbandry are adopted, oats are generally fown upon 
fuch lands as have been newly broken up from the ftate of 
grafs, and that the practice is fhewn to be perfedtly corre& 
by the abundance of the produce in fuch cafes. 
The author of the Calendar of Hufbandry, after obferving 
that’ white oats fhould be fown in March in preference to any 
other feafon, remarks, that in the general conduct of them 
the farmer fhould by all means avoid the common error of 
fowing them after other corn crops, by which they exhauft 
the land. ) fhould = receive the fame preparation 
as barley, nor ought a man to think of ar 
eee paying him as well for “fach seentoa as that crop. 
js a very miftaken idea to fuppofe it more profitable to ie 
cane on land i in Trott order than oats. . Pty is from divers 
e 
which will ae a idle 
expences and leav 
will do the like.- 
o ba 
n 
ever ought to influence good hufbandm en. 
bo 
Ne 
o 
) 
3, oats: 
the oats follow another c 
prepare, in the beft manner, for that moft beneficial crop, 
wheat ? What aa a fallow, or a fallow crop, can fucceed 
the oats? How unprofitable, compared to the clover fyitem ! 
For thefe ne Oe " cannot but recommend that oats fhould 
be confidered in the fame light as barley, and never fown 
unlefs the land be in proper order f r barley, or to fow them 
after a fallow aie oe clover with them, in the fame man- 
ner as barley. the practice of fowing them after 
turnips, the fame a rn whic 
arley, are equally applicable. 
diftribution of his far rm, confider which of t 
produce of oats, couparcd with that 
of ses will 
four to three, and on fome as five to three. 
He ieee alfo 
that they exhauft more a 
and on la 
the holes to ftand, and 
isremoved. In fome cafes, the fafeft way 1s, to plough, roll, 
and dibble immediately. This practice 1s but little ufed at 
prefent. But in very many cafes (poffibly in al!) it is better 
to put peafe in on light land, beans on ftiff foils, and to follow 
thefe with oats or wheat, according to circumflances; he has 
known oats which had preduced inferior crops fullowed by 
oa‘s again the next year, and produce largely ; which proved 
that they wantedtilth. Peafe or beans will rather improve 
than exhauft land when put in thus in layers, pili two 
crops of oats will fcourge the land too much. t it, how- 
ever, be well remembered, that thefe iy Re are made 
pers va 
ubt, 
