OBSERVATORY. 
nificence of the 
inftruments. 
obferved, among — may be menticned Manfredi, Za- 
notti, Canterzani 
At Pisa the ee is in the form of atower. It 
was built in 1730, at the expence of the univerfity, and fup- 
plied with fuperb apparatus made by Siffon, ne raham, 
Perelli obferved here for many years, and had for a fuc- 
ceffor M. Slope, who publifhed an eobae colle&tion of 
a in 1789. 
At w there is an obfervatory, which is reckoned one 
of the nat eal in Italy. It was built in 1765, at the 
coft of the college of the Jefuits, chiefly throu ugh the 
d duke Leopold 
1786 feveral fine inftruments b 
At Turin father Beccaria erected a {mall obfervatory ; 
but in 1790 a large one was built at a very confider- 
able expenfe, by the king of Sardinia, at the "Royal College 
of Nobles, and the dire€tion of 1t given to the abbé Calufo. 
At Venicz an obfervatory was conitruGed by father Pani- 
gai, and a fmall one near the town by M. Miotti. One was 
alfo built at Parma by father Belgrado, and another at 
Brescia by father Cavalli. 
At Verona, Cagnoli, eminent both as a mathematician 
and aftronomer, ere¢ted an obfervatory at his own expenfe 
in 1787, and placed in it the beft inftruments, with which he 
made very accurate and important obfervations, parti- 
cularly on the preceflion of the sa lea and on ta places 
een oaldo, 
who has publifhed feveral ufeful works, efpecially a treatife 
on Meteorology, which gained him the prize at the academy 
of Montpellier. 
he obfervatory at Padua was originally the tower 
of the cruel tyrant Eyellin, in the 13th century; int 
dungeons of which he confined fuch prifoners of war 
as fell into his hands during the civil commotions of that 
In 1769 it was converted into an obfervatory, and 
happy change gave rife to the following diftich of 
father cia ; who united the rare talents of poet and 
mathematicia 
s¢ Que quo ae infernas turris ducebat ad umbras, 
Nunc Venetum aufpiciis pandit ad aftra viam.’” 
which may be thus tranflated : 
66 This:tow’r, which led to Pluto’s realms below 
To heaven’s bright regions now the way doth thew: a 
In fome of the Wands of the Mediterranean obfervatories 
have alfo been efablithed. — fhall, however, notice only 
thofe of Matta and Sic 
In 1783, the grand mafter Emmanuel 
de Rohan, an 
amateur and enlightened ace of {cience, invited to 
Malta chevalier d’Angos, a fkilful aftronomer, who 
n a few years he made a gre 
fervations, ah he intended to publith, but in March 1789, 
the o ervatory having c re, the in — were 
broken, an apers Gane a ferious lofs aftro- 
nomy, particularly as this was the moft fouthern ee 
of - urope, in latitude 3 
MoO an oblervatory has been conftruéted in t the 
who 
n com e 
am{den. is firft labeurs were directed to the formation 
of a correct catalogue of tars, and, as a foundation, he chofe 
Wollafton’s catalogue, and agi ae as his chief points 
of reference, Dr. Matkel yne’s cn 
fome of the larger ftars he v fed by nearly a hundred 
obfervations, and in the el cae of this tafk, in 1801, he 
difcovered a new fie which he named Ceres, in honour of 
Sicily, as that as, on account of its fertility, an- 
ciently confecrated to the goddefs ie This difcovery 
vas the more important, asit excited the curiofity and refearch 
of other aftronamers, by which dies more e planets have 
been ib difco 
en —The Greenwich obfervatory, or the 
Ro oval Obinatan, of England, was built and endowed by 
king Charles who, to ufe the ocak: of Bailly, “ well 
knew how effential aftron nomy was to a maritime and com- 
mercial people like the Englith, who afpired to the empire of 
the feas.”’ This building was ereGted on the fcite of the 
Greenwich park, ab 
The foil here is Late! favourable for fuch an inftitu- 
tion, _ re) inty gravel, through which rain foon 
pafies, isis the “atmo ofphere is generally dry, which 
courts to the prefervation of the inftruments, as well 
This eftablifhment comprehends two principal build- 
ings, one of which is the obfervatory, and the other the 
dwellizg-houfe of the aftronomer 
he obfervatory 
con- 
ound-floor. 
rft, or molt eafterly room, has been lately erefted 
for the reception and fitting up of a very fine tranfit circle, 
= 
oO 
The third apartment is the afliftant oes library 
d place for calculation ; and the weftern apartment of 
the building is the quadrant room. Here is erected a 
flone 
