OIL. 
ferve the wool from the attacks of moths and other infeéts ; 
and alfo by the lea greek flers 
aed by arate he and his fol- 
effenti his is not po any of their virtues or 
qualities, but feems the fame in all plants, and is the means 
£ the fiftence and folidity, giving tenacity to their 
sis = ch, without it, falls to duft, and the plant exits 
This oil is a feparable by boiling water, as the effential 
oil is, but only by fire: when a plant has been boiled and 
diftilled, its eflencial oil, falt, &c. are all carried off, an 
what remains is only the earth correted by this oil. This 
being expofed to the fire, the oil difcovers itfelf in a thick, 
black, fimking {moak, and, finally, taking fire, it burns 
away, and leaves only the earth, which was the bafis of -the 
plant; retaining its form, indeed, if the procefs has been 
carefully made, but ae me a fhapelefs powder only on 
being roughly breathe 
This great a therefore, eftablifhes it as a rule, that 
— are three oil in plants. 1. An oily ges 
he effential oil, iffolv ed in decoGtion. An a 3. Thi 
comieecg. or confolidating oil, feparable only by a naked 
On » Cornel, a fixed oil oe olive oil, by bein 
contained, not in the feed, but in the pulpy fruit of the 
vegetable. The berries of this fhrub ‘(Comnn Sanguinea) 
being colle&ted when quite ripe, and laid in a for a few 
days to mellow, are to be reduced to a pulp, an 
without heat in the ufual manner. 
into a white wax. It does not freeze ic aly as olive oil, 
and lafts rather longer Nee this when ufed in a lamp. 
Aikin’s Dia. 
IL of Cumin. See CuMINUM. 
OIL of ia See agian 
ms, Dry 
ns 
fometi fines without the addi- 
n 
ounce, ina of nut or poppy oil, till the folid ingredients 
be diffolved, and the mixture becomes of the colour of lin- 
feed oil. For coarfer work, take one gallon of poe fe 
one pound of litharge of gold or filver, half a d of 
white vitriol, and fugar of lead, gum arabic, and ae of 
each a quarter of a paund; boil them as long as the dif- 
colouring of the oil, which is the gradual confequence of 
‘That made for fale is prepared by 
diminifh its tem and difpote it to ple more wad 
Thefe oils are much ufed in painting, on account of their 
drying quality. When a large quantity of calxes of lead is 
combined with oil, they os with it a folid, opaque, and 
Thefe com. 
giving a convenient 
tenacious bony, capable = iaicong by heat. 
binations are ufeful in pha ea or 
confiftence and tenacity an y platter 
Oits, Diftilled, are the venatile oils fo called in the 
Londen pharmacopeia. For preparing them, they dire@ 
that the feeds of anife and caraway the flowers of saute 
n alembic, and as ss 
a then the oil is diftilled into a large refrigeratory. 
water which diftils over with the oils epper-mint, 
rage ee all-{pice, and penny-royal, is to be preferved 
o 
the cracks of rccks, in feveral parts of the ifland of Su- 
matra, and fome other parts of the Eaft Indies, and is much 
efteemed th ic it is feldom im- 
India aia and 
Bae ufually ae over under this name being only a 
eteble oi, impregnated with the virtues of certain of 
a foffils by boikug. See Perrox 
a, and EmpyreumMa. 
Ort, upra. 
The oils of ent have not always the aa here with the 
ae they are diftilled from, or, at leaft, in 
yet 
fails 
which is of a fweet rae yields, on the contrary, an oil ine 
finitely more {weet than the feed; and pepper, which is fo 
remarkebly hot and la affords an ot] no way remarkable 
or its pungency. yme, which is in itfelf very acrid and 
pungent, conveys one property, ina yet greater degree, to 
its oil; there is, indeed, no effential oil fo acrid and fiery as 
that of this plant. The fetid cils drawn in dry diftillation ‘ 
by the retort, in an open fire, no way differ from thefe but 
by the damage = fire has done them, and may always be 
converted int e by eae cifilatons Nay, the 
very fat oils,, ene as that of alm may be attenuated. fo 
far as to become as fine, and as 3 fubtile, as the effential oils. 
This is to be done by means of quick-lime ; and feveral re- 
peated diftillations of this oil, or any other of a like kind, 
with frefh lime to every diftillation, will reduce it to be vola- 
tile, saint deat and capable of being raifed, and dittilled, 
by means of water, which 1s the greateft teft of the effential 
oils. The bituminous and fetid oils may alfo, in the f 
manner, be reduced, by repeated diftillations, to the hae 
of the effential ones, and to be equally fluid Se limpid, and 
equally penetrating. Memoirs Acad. Par. 1721. 
The effential oils of sre may be “divided into twa 
claffes, according to their different {pecific gravities, fome 
floating upon water, and others readily finking to the bot- 
tom thereof. Thus the effential oils of cloves, cinamony 
and faffafras, readily fink; but the oils of lavender, mar- 
joram, mint, &c. fwim upon the water. The lightett of alk 
the effential oils is, perhaps, that of citron soli: which even 
floats on fpirit of wine; and the heavieft of them feems to 
be the oil of faflafr 
For the soane: the full quantity of the more aaa 
