OIL. 
oils from cinnamon, cloves, {faffafras, = it is proper 
1. Too reduce the fubjeéts to fine powder. To digett this 
powder for fome days in a warm place, oan thrice its quan- 
tity of a river water, made very faline . the addition 
of fea or fharp with oil of vitriol. 3. ufe the de- 
co€tion ef in a or inftead of common en for a frefh 
fe alfo, for the fame purpofe, the water 
of the fecond ner after it has been cleared of its oil. 
5. Not to ae from too large a quantity of the fubje& at 
once . To leave a confiderable part of the itill rane 
a brill fire, or a ftrong boiling heat at firit, 
to flacken it alittle afterwards. 8. To havea low ftill head, 
with a sia eile aia lodge, and ane leading to i 
nofe of t And, g. ‘To coho 
pour it ia ape ae matter in the en afer feparating i 
oil, and repeating this once or twic 
The vegetable world affords vaft “ay of effential oils, 
moft of them very odorous, and of great virtues; but dif- 
ferent vegetables yield oils of different confiftence, and in 
different quantities. 
Thefe oils are euidloyedi in painting, in {pirituous liquors 
ufed at the table and at the toilette, in perfumes, andin m 
dicine. As they act very powerfully, -_ dofes, 2s as from 
one drop to four or five, incorporate fugar, 
log 
urs, which occafion pain, 
but t not, on 
vol. ¥ art. vs See Volatile O1Es, infra: 
As many of the effential oils are dear, it is a very common 
practice to adulterate, or debafe them feveral ways, fo as to 
which has its hie method of dete€tion. 
erate them with expreffed oils. 2. Wit 
alectal An ra 7 With cheaper effential oils. 
If any effential oi! be adulterated with expreffed oil, it is 
eafy to difcover the fraud by adding a little {pirit of wine to 
a few drops of the fufpeted effential oil, and fhaking them 
together ; for the {pirit will diffolve all the oil that is effential, 
or procured by gare and leave all the expreffed oil that 
was mixed with it u 
an oo oil be adulterated with alcohol, or rectified 
may be done in any proportion, up to ‘that 
is to 
aan turn milky, y continuing to fhake the lake 
the whole quantity of fpirie will be abforbed by the water, 
and ata the oil pur 
rpentine, or oil entine, into the 
t of t 
‘ill, nae with the herbs to be diftilled oe their oil, fuch as 
refemary, lavender, origanum, &c.; and, by this means, the 
oil of turpentine diftilled from thefe ingredients comes over 
in great quantity, and is in‘imately blended with the oil of 
the genuine ingredient. The oils thus adulterated always 
difcover themfelves in time, by their own flavour being over- 
powered by the turpentine but the peel way to de- 
te& the fraud is to drench a piece of rag, or pape e 
oil, and hold it before the ae ; for thus the grateful flavour 
of the Haare will _ off, an a ey the naked turpentine {cent 
behind. Shaw’s 145. 
The effential oils, as vlati oils are galled by the Dublin 
college, are prepare ollowing manner : let the oil be 
extracted by di tillation oa the {ubftance previoufly mace 
€ 
plant. The ufual dofe is from ™ ij to 1. xx ; but itis 
a See Fer 
O ranulated, 13 t a fixed in little grains ; ; oe is the 
beft, and ek efte 
ing manner eaves of bay, rue, marjoram, fea-worm- 
wood, and chamomile, each three ounces; oil of olives, a 
quart. Boil the herbs in the oil till they are crifp, and then 
{train off the oil ; and when it has ftood for the feces to 
na a it up for ufe. 
L of Hartfhorn, Reéified, is prepared by the Dublin 
college in the following manner. Take of the oil which 
rifes in the diftillation of the volatile liquor of hartfhorn, 
three pounds, and fix pints of water. Diftil the oil, then 
remix it with the ae and rediftil, repeating the diftilla- 
tions until the oil becomes limpid. his oil fhould be 
kept in a dark Paces in {mall phials comply filled and 
clofely ftoppe 
This em tet oil is fir formed by the decompo- 
fition of animal matter by heat; and arifes from a new 
combination of part of the hydrogen and carbon of the 
h, fubftance diftilled. When firft obtained, it is thi oS of a 
ark colour, and has a very offenfive odour; but by the 
reCtification prefcribed, it is rendered thinner and lefs of- 
nfive. The rectified oil is nearly colourlefs and tranf- 
parent ; it has a ftrong, flightly aromatic odour, and a pe- 
netrating tafte. It is very light and volatile, {trikes a green 
colour with fyrup of violets, is partially foluble in water, 
and unites readily with alcohol, ether, and oils. The acids 
form with it a thick faponaceous compound ; and with the 
alkalies it forms a fine foap. Expofure to light ~ air 
seal its tranfpareney, and gives it a deep brown co- 
lour. As to its medical | ad aka and ufes, this vol is 
o 
Oi, 
