OIL-MILL. 
idee ties yaetd Laan will not eis any fenfible 
quantity of oil ; ft, therefore, be don a fudden and 
lea acceflion of i cordingly, at be ftroke anon 
the wedge, the oil sacs in nepnteeek quantity from the 
feed, until the whole is expreffed, leaving a cake of feed as 
hard as a piece of board. Thefe oil-cakes are very good 
food for ee 
chinery of an oil-mill is explained ee - draw- 
ing in Plat ee where jig. 1. 1s a plan, and fg. 2 
an eleva of a ve good mill of ais kind, eeu was 
tuted for .wood almoft anivertally A, in both Hoey is 
the water-wheel atuating the whole mill; it is underfhot ; 
that is, the water paffes under it, and turns the wheel, by its 
fe teeth, by which 
teeth, fixed on an hori- 
axles the ends of which x 
i ah the — thaft m, and alts through ru runners : 
they ha dt wn axis, by 
running mill-{tones are made a little wide, and the hole in the 
fhaft m, which‘carries the middle of the i iron axis, is made 
oval up and down. This great freedom of motion is neceflary 
for the runner mill-ftones, becaufe frequently more or lefs 
of the grain is below them at atime, and they muft there- 
fore e . liberty to get over it without ftraining the fhaft. 
wer mil ttone, L, is fupported on mafonry, and fur 
wood d d, — prevents 
y ete I,K e figure 
di t paths, an 
feed more effectually than if ae pele each other in the 
fame circuit: #, 2, are the ends of two wooden rails, pro- 
jecting from the thaft m, and at ee ads fupporting two 
upright pieces of wood, which, at their inferior extremities, 
: thefe drag round upon-the furface of 
and turn the feed about, to receive the 
greatelt poffible oe from the ftones I, K, rolling over 
it. There are two of thefe {weeps on the oppok e fides of the 
ftones, one called the outer rake, and t er the inner 
p 
3 
on. 
lays the grain in a flope or ridge, over which the 
runners pafs, and crufh it: then the cond rake lifts it “en 
into a ridge, to receive the ation of the next ftone, fo that 
every fide of tre grain is prefented to the runner mill-ftone, 
and receives its a¢tion, while the reft of the lower ftone is 
t 
{wept by them fo clean, that not a ya grain is left on ae 
in of it. The outer 
earth to one fide, and partly turns it over. 
ut one {weeper, and indeed there is great variety in ag 
form and conftruétion of this part of the machinery. 
great pit, D, turns a {mall cog-wheel €, figs I} On dink 
{pindle is fixed one of the two iron rollers i & which are 
ufed for bruifing the feed, as in the firft oper. 
lers are made of caft iron, and isn tu raed ina 
rafs bufhes, fixed in iron 
e fr 
mortifes in them, in which the buthes for the pivots of the 
reiting upon the cog-whee By this means the fhoe conti- 
nually feeds the rollers with a {mall quantity of feed, with- 
out any danger of choaking them up, and the feeds fall, 
from the end of the fhoe, between the rollers, which, as they 
turn round, take the feed in between them, and bruife it. 
It is proper to have a piece of iron plate nailed to fome part 
of the frame, and kept conftantly prefling againft the rollers, 
fo as to fcrape off the feed which may adhere tothem. The 
feed, after having paffed between the rollers, falls upon an 
inclined board, placed in a frame beneath them, and is thus 
fhot down in a heap before the rollers, from whence it is 
conveyed by a labourer to ite rolling fto 
The prefs comés next to be noticed, for we have hitherto 
only defcribed the machinery for bruifing the feed previous 
to expreffing the oil fro 
The tumbling thaft, "rE, a two lifters, M, N, proje@ing 
from it, which as it turns round lifts up and lets fall the 
ftampers, V, W, of the prefs. They rife and fall in a frame 
confifting of two thick pieces of wood P, P, firmly bolted 
together at the bottom by beams T, T’, extended between 
them. The {pace between thefe beams is filled up by the 
bags of feed at d,d, fig. 2, the prefling wedge 4, the dif- 
charging wedge c, and blocks of wood, to keep them at 
the ag aid ee apart. 
»T, have crofs pieces upon them, between 
a a Hampers, , W, flide up and down : they are lifted. 
rs M, N, fixed u a e fhaft F: 
ftampers, a para them t the an them 
fallon the wedges. ie ey are i be ftopped, the 
workman pulls a rope, arlich raifes a lever, and holds up the 
flamper too high to meet the lifter in its revolution. . The 
inverted 
