OPE 
denda. 
The Graphis of Acharius is se gay by having the 
elefts funk into the cruft, and their naked, not covered 
by a black membrane ; but the latter ‘diftin@ion feems to us 
very obfcure at leaft, if not evanefcent. ere is ay 
no natural difference or appearance to countenance this fe 
tion 
Although fome fpecies of Opegrapha are defined with fim- 
le, and others with branched, clefis s even that difference is 
not invariable, examples of both being not unfrequent in the 
fame individual, among the fmaller lefs {pecious kinds. 
Acharius has ercione: in bis laft work, laid it afide, dif- 
pera ri {pecies according to the comparative breadth 
their di 
The following examples may fuffice 
O. herpetica. a Opegraphe, Ach. Lichenogr. 
n. 6 ie —Cruft tumid and 
Clefts prominent, 
d 
mouth, on the b trees. ‘The uneven dirty olive cruft 
diftinguifhes this fpecies, which is on th orna- 
mental or attracti e. he frup cation is icine over th 
pane “nel Bot. 
1876. can {mooth, membranous, pale olive. Clefts 
tee turgid, crowded, curved, obtufe, greyifh and 
ry, with an elevated, ‘white, powdery border.—Dif- 
covered by Charles Lyell, efq. on the rugged bark of trees 
New Forelt, Hampfhire. It feems unknown to 
The cruff is very {mooth, waxy in appearance, 
of an uniform pale olive green, and almoft horny texture’. 
The clefts are numerous and crowded, moftly fimple, various 
in length, curved, obtufe or rounded at each end, very pro- 
minent ; their difk broad and convex, black, but clothed 
with greyifh powder ; their border very peculiar, originating 
from the cruft, but white, powdery, and very 
a 
E 
i= 
a 
= 
z 
3 
ees a Suffex. 
lie is a flight acceffory border, 
e cruff is white os a ea all over _— a 
eases minute prom ain 
fer eee Black. ae One ale . Meth. 30. 
Graphis ei 3 AS _ichenogr. 
Prodr. . Pl. 
160 6. Lichencoides crufta tenuiffima, ceca: ‘velut lit- 
teris infcripta ; Dill. in Raii Syn. 71. Mufe. 125. t. 18. 
“f. 1 ?)—Cruft thin, membranous, fhining, {mooth, greenifh- 
white, bordered with black. Clefts mieried, {mooth, 
linear, flightly zigzag, ie er much branched in a 
aie eae common on the even bark of trees 
is Beocd and thin, of a greenifh or 
woo 
boat: oie, with a blackith edge. Frudification {cat- 
OPE 
whi ch x efemblance is cane by the cy as well as fre- 
aked. e 
pe Some of the clefts 
are fimple, but they are always accompanied by fuch as are 
much branched. 
. rea cas st Ach. Meth. 30. 
t. aphis dendnitica : 3 
Ach, ichene ogr. rmined, ver 
ae Cra tartareous, tei 
white ae fomewha* powdery. 
without any elevated 
apering at each end, — in the fouth p land, 
b r. Borrer and Mr. Lyell, growing on the fmooth 
bark of trees. The fame, or a flight pt ane was es 
ms 
aie 
y do not ok as no prope er 
elevatéd border of their own fubftance, eat te crult is 
flightly ae a. each fide. 
O 
A. radii 
OPEN, in Geogra - » a town of Pruffia, in Ferme lai 
of Heilfbere. 
the fituation of a place expofed to the wind and 
fea. ne is as exprefled of ped diftant objet to which the 
fight or . nage i is not intercepted. 
EN aay, a term fometimes oe to 
cows or heifers, ~fignifying - they are not in 
PEN Cuts, in Agriculture, fuch 
made in land by the {pade, an left withou 
Q 
venient, from the plough not being employed after the trees 
are planted.” 
It is alfo found that cuts of this fort are 7 es ufeful in 
the pratice of irrigation, watering, a 
Oven-Field Land, chat which is in a ara of com 
idge. The {cat- 
mallnefs of the pieces of common field 
lands, {till rue culated by one perfon, in a in- 
ftances fifty or a hundred acres euaredth nearly as many 
different places, aa firft, that the mode of divifion, = 
oun 
the occupiers began with cultivating {mall {pots, an acre, or 
perhaps lefs, and, as population increafed, and bread corn 
became fcarce, they gradually increafed their tillage aoe 
hofe 
