OPP 
m fom aie 
Gales ereumfane, spo vat ar from di/parates. 
Th reckon fou of oppofites; viz. re- 
ia aL. anny, ee contradictorily oppo- 
Either, fay they, the oppofition is between ens and non 
ens; if the former, it is either with a dependent ens, which 
is ae an anim: a 
OprosiTE Angles. See An 
OppositE Cones denote two fimilar cones, vertically oe 
fite, that is, having the fame common vertex, as well a 
the fame axis. See Cone. 
OrposiTE Sedlions are two hyperbolas — by cutting 
two oprofi‘e cones by the fame plane. YPERBOLA. 
OPPOSITION, in Geometry, the dition of two things, 
between _— a line wel be drawn perpendicular to both. 
Opposition, in Lo uality of difagreement be- 
tween propotitions alk have ae fame fubje€t, and the fame 
attribut 
Operon is faid, by logicians, to be either complex or 
inco mplex 
Incompl ex, Or Sige oppofition, is the difagreement of 
two things, which will not fuffer each other to be in th 
fame fubje 
us s oppofed to cold, fight to blindnefs, &c. 
Mera gepuatios has already been obferved to be of four 
kind 
Comple oppofitionis defined, by Ariftotle, sa be the affirm- 
ing and denying the fame predicate of sae ama ide not 
taken mbar but for the fame ie fame manner, 
an me time ; as, Socrates is eaiey aad Socrates 
is not iecied. 
The later fchoolmen, deviating from their mafter, define 
oppofition an affeftion of enunciations, whereb two abfo- 
lute ile ai ben fame extremes being fuppofed in the 
fame order and number, and underftood without an 
to the former definition, there are three fpecies of oppofi- 
tion, contrary, fubcontrary, and contradiGory : according to 
the fecond, a fourth {pecies is admitted, wiz. /ubaltern. 
To know how and wherein propofitions are oppofite, they 
muft be compared, in quantity and Bere all the ways in 
which they can be arate 7 ey be 2 both in 
quality and quantity, i.e. oe affirmative, and the 
other negative; the one caer: ie other particular; they 
are faid to be a oan 3 v.gr. no pleafure 13 allowed ; 
fome pleafure is allow 
If they be only ae in quality, and not in qnantity, 
they are called contraries, if a os Ejeet id if 
s evil; no ufe of wine is 
e means refer ae meee are allowed ; 
fome me f preferving reputation are not allowed. 
If the propofitions be only oppofite in quantity, they are 
called /ubalterns: v. @ an fin; fome 
man is liable to fin. oppofition ; 
inafmuch as the univerfal propofition A ae auelidee the 
alder one, 
OPT 
Single alana which can only be oppofed in quality, 
are reducible 8 
The eifential nie of propofitions, confidered with 
regard to their oppofition; are, 1 two contra- 
ditory propofitions, there is one always true, < reel 
e wo contradiétory propofitions can never be both 
true ; but may be both falfe. 3. Subcontrary aes ee 
may be all true at the fame time ; as happens when the at- 
tribute is accidental to the fubje&: but when it is effential 
to it, the one is true, the other falfe. 4- Subalterns may 
be either true or falfe at the fame time; or the one may be 
true, the other falfe. If the attribute be effential to the 
fubje@, the fubaltern affirmatives aré true, and the negatives 
falfe; but if the negatives deny the fubje& an fata ey in- 
compatible with the fubje&t, they wil' be both en 
the attribute is accidental to the fubje&, the univerfal fub- 
altern is ordinarily falfe, and the particular one true. 
PPOSITION, In eforic, denotes a figure, whereby two 
things are ie bag together, which appeared incompatible ; as 
when 
ontrary one 
aay 
=. 
ny Le figure e, which feems to deny 
het it eftablifhes, and contradicts itfelf in appearance, is 
very elegant. See ANTITHESIS. 
P i nomy, is that afpe& or fituation of 
two ftars or planets, heen they are dametricelly oppofite 
to each sr or 180°, tis, a femicircle, 
ben the moon is diametrically oppofite . he fun, fo 
that fhe ee her bare Bans as face; fhe is faid, with 
regard to the fun, to be ofition ; and fhe is en faid 
to be in her full, and tiie: ‘all night long. See Moon and 
rg 
a 
Eclipfes of the moon never happen but when fhe is in 
oppofition with the fun, and when they both meet in or 
near the nodes of the ecliptic 
Mars in his oppofition to ie fun is nearer the earth than 
he is to the fun 
OPPS, in Geography, a village of America, in Northamp- 
ton county, Pennfylvania ; fix miles S.E. of Bethlehem. 
OPPURG, a town of Saxony, in the circle of Neuftadt, 
which has a citadel, and was uae eae with walls 
and towers; four miles .W.0 
, a town of Lithuaniay in de Succ of Wilna; 
12 miles $.S.W. o 
, a town oe Noreay.4 in the province of Agger- 
huus; 40 miles N. of Konfwinger. 
OPSICELLA, in Ancient G ree a town of Spain 
in Cantubria; oo accordin ng ts to Strabo, by the companions 
of Antenor, ‘and n by | 
OPSIUKOVA, a town of: ulin in the oo of 
pes on the Tchegodo ; ; 80 miles E.N.E. of Nov- 
OrLe. See CHRISTIANIA. 
OPSO, a town of Ittria; feven miles E.N.E. of Cape 
d’Iitria. 
OPSONOMUS, in Antiquity, a magiftrate of Athens, 
of whom there were two or three ; chofen out of the fenate 
or council. 
Their office was .o infpe@ the fifh-market, and to take 
care that every thing was done in order, and according to the 
i) 
s 
TATIVE, in Grammar, the third mood in the con- 
iad of verbs, ferving to exprefs an ardent defire or wifh 
for a 
ea a particular mood, or a particular fet of in- 
a: ons to ae this defire, the Englifn, Latins, &c. ex- 
prefs it by an adverb of withing prefixed to it. The Latins 
by 
