ORC 
duced, during the reign of his father, the important city of 
Prufa, or Burfa, the capital of Bithynia. On the death of 
Othman, in 1326, Orchan was declared his fucceffor on the 
Turkifh throne. From the conqueft of Prufa,” fays the 
hiftorian, “ we may date the true era of the Ottoman empire. 
The lives and pofleffions of the Chriftian fubje€ts. ware re- 
deemed by a ranfom of thirty thoufand crowns of gold ; 
and the city, by the labours of Orchan, affumed the afpe& 
of a Mahometan capital. Prufa was decorated by a moique, 
.a college, and an hofpital of royal foundation ; the Seljukian 
coin was changed for the name and impreflion of the ne 
y 3 and the moft {kilful profeffors of human and divine 
knowledge, attra€ted the Perfian and Arabian ftudents from 
a 
all who were defirous: of pth 
h 
oum or Anatolia: his mili- 
mirs ef Ghermian and 
nuts, and barberries, as well as walnu 
‘the two: lait forts are well adapted for fheltering the others 
_ from high winds, they fhould, Mr. Forfyth thinks, be 
often met’ with ; an 
. di 
termixed with them. They 
Gib- b 
ORC 
planted in the boundaries of the-orchard, alittle clofer than 
erdinary for that purpofe. Z 
In providing trees, efpecially of the apple kind, for thie. 
purpofe, too much care cannot be taken to admit of none 
but fuch as have good roots, fair clean ftems, and proper 
heads ; and at the fame time attention fhould be paid that.a 
proper affortment of the different forts be procured for the 
fupply of the table during the whole year. A few of the 
fummer forts are fufficient, but more of the autumn, and 
ri€&ts where the procefs of cider-making is con- 
duGted upon a large fcale, large orchards of apples only are 
et wi in fome counties, as Kent, there are 
fituations they are very profitable ; 
e eaft, nort wefterly winds, by 
fuitable plantations, where not naturally fheltered by hills 
or rifing grounds. Such plantations, when they confift of 
foreft-trees, fhould neither be too large nor too near the or- 
chard; as where that is the cafe, they prevent a free circu- 
lation of air, which is injurious to the trees. ere t 
round does not admit of fuch plantations, Mr. Forfyth ad- 
vifes planting crofs rows of fruit-trees, in the manner di- 
rected in gardens, as well as fome of the largeft growing 
trees, neareft the outfides expofed to thofe winds, two or 
three rows of which fhould be planted clofer than ordinary, 
which would greatly fhelter thofe in the interior parts of the 
orchard, and be of great fervice, in addition to the walnut 
quality. 
gree very much with fruit-trees, unlefs there be loam in- 
th 
