ORG 
tinued in that family till the reign of Henry III. It de- 
{cended afterwards to Michael Stanhope, and in his right to 
vifcount Hereford, whofe truftees ech . to the father of the 
Lond. 1764. Beauties of England 
Orrorp, a poft-town of Americ — in Gra ounty, 
n the E. bank of Conneticut ti river, about 
15 miles N. of Hanover, and oppofit ir 
incorporated in 1761, aud containing 988 inhabitants 
re the foap-rock, which has the property of fuller’s earth in 
cleaning cloth, alum ore, free-ft for building, and a 
in quality to the imported burr-ftones.— 
Lower Canada, W. of Afcot, having about 
In the northern part is a conliderable lake, and another in 
the — part of the town 
O » Cape, the fen wet flernmott of the large iflands 
tothe W. "CE Falkland’s found in the dome iflands, in the 
Atlantic occan, and S.E. of Cape Percival. 
Orrorp, Town/bip fe lies in Suffolk come. Upper Ca- 
nada: to the the refidence of the Moravians : 
i by lake Erie, and towards the N. 
watered by the 
ORFORDNESS, a cape of England, on the S.E.c 
of the county of Suffolk, 1 in the eae where a ight 
houfe is es for the direGtion of . lat 
E. long. 1° 64.—Al fo, a n the E. “coatl oe New Hol- 
land. N. lat. 11° 19". ong. 
ORFUS, in Icbebyology, a fpecies oF Cyprinus 3 which 
fee 
ORGABRA, in rae a town of Africa, in the 
ry of Magad 
AL, or Ancor, the lees of wine dried, and ufed 
by raed to prepare the cloth for the more readily taking 
their feveral colours. See Tartar 
N, Ovyavov, is ufed in the general for any thing 
framed and deftined for fome certain ation, ufe, or o 
ion, 
Orcan, or Organical Part, in Phyfiology, is {uch a part 
of the body as is oe of the performance of fome per- 
fe&t aét, or oper 
In which re all ae parte, even the moft fimple, may be 
denominated organical. 
The organs are divided into primary and fecondary. "The 
ry are thofe pone of fimilar a and appointed 
for fome one fingle fun Such as feveral of 
thefe, though appropriated to one fingle ene are citcemed 
Soegndar. ‘y Organ 
s the sce arteries, nerves, and mufcles, gal sang) 
oa ; and the hands, fingers, &c. are /econdary organ 
Oraan of Senfe, is that part of an animal body, by means 
of which it perceives external objects. 
Thefe, fome divide into internal, which is the brain; and 
external, viz. the eye, ear, nofe, &c. 
Orcan, in Fortification. See Ore 
nx, in Mufic, the name of the is eft, moft com- 
prebentive and harmonious of mufical inftrements ; on ly 
account it is called ** the organ,’ ogysiav, the ru- 
way “of excellence. The invention of the 
is very ancient, though it is agreed, it was little a ill 
the eighth century. Tt feems to have been borrowed from 
; ORG 
the Greeks. Vitruvius deéfcribés oné" in his tenth book. 
The emperor Julian has an epigram in its praife. St. Jerom 
mentions one with twelve pair of bellows, which might be 
heard a thoufand paces, or a mile; and another at Jerufalem, 
— cet be heard to the mount of Olives. 
ent ara fays Dr. Burney, are unanimous in 
n which was f 
ufe of organs 
Bellarmine fay 8, that they 
n to b in the fervice of the chur e 
of pope Vitalian, about the year 660, as Platina relates out 
of the Pon r, as Aimonius thinks, aft e year 
820, in the time of Lewis the us. d writer 
has fhewn, that neither of thefe dates can i jut; alleg- 
ing that Thomas Aquinas exprefsly fays, that in his time, 
d. e. about the year 1250, the church did not ufe mufical in- 
ftruments, left fhe fhould ae to judaize. Pierce’s Vind. 
of the Diffenters, ed. 1718, p. 395. 
Bingham, in his Antiq. of Ae (Chriftian Church, vol, 1. 
ppe 
monk of Canterbury, who flourifhed ae ie 
1200, that organs were actaaeg more than one 
andes years before this time: in his 
franc’s church, as it was before t 
ornicem organa geftare 
oe p- 129 2 
o died in 035, ie nothing o of the 
ufe of organs, or bcherd inftruments, in our churches or con- 
vents, when he is very minutely defcribing the manner in which 
the pfalms and hymns were fung. How 
and Germany during the tenth century, as well as in Eng- 
land; about which time they had admiffion in the convents 
ee Europe. Burney’s Hilt. Mufic, vol. a. p. 66. 
of the art, in his Teffaye on "Engl 
He there gives fevera! hiftorical notices concerning the origin 
and progrefs of the organ, pie to its Sao an 
into our churches, partly extract umi- 
nous work, entitled « L’Art da Fa@eur des “Orgues, par 
D. Bedos de celles,’’ a Benedictine monk, printed in 1766. 
We have not room to e nae from Mr. Mafon’s little 
work, and can only refer 
ted nature SE the mechanifm of an organ, 
o give a clear defcription of 
it. T’o make it more » jntelligible, we fhall feparately de- 
feribe the feveral parts ; and then, by referring the reader to 
a plate of the interior of a church organs fhew the difpo- 
fitions and ufes of them when put togethe 
rack een the pipes, the key ard. draw top move- 
ments. 
The bellows are of two kinds, fingle and double; the former 
are commonly ufed in church crgans, the latter in chamber or- 
gans. Single bellows confift of two oblong boards, a4, ed, 
(Plate 1. Organ, fig. 10.), conne&ted at b by a joint of 
leather 
