ORGAN. 
St. Mary’s, Oxford, Sepia sai i Cambridge, &c. are 
tone t modern conftruGtion ; 
wi 
tury, by Byfield, Snetzler, Green, 
is lighter, ey compafs extended, and the reed-work admi- 
rable. e dulciana ftop, bie a hither by Snetzler, is 
a tall, pe narrow pipe, o exquifite {weet tone, 
an in 
rb : — : ‘they g greatly furpafs us in the fize of their 
organ t the mechanifm is infinitely inferior ; which 18 
eceotnied for oy ae workmanthip being better paid here 
than in the German dominions, where labour is cheap. 
The long keys of our old church organs were made of 
box or ebony, and the fhort, or flats and fharps, of ivory 
But at prefent, the long keys, or natural notes, like thofe 
in harpfichords and piano-fortes, are of 1 bee and the flats 
and fharps of ebony, or dyed pear-tree 
An organ, when complete for cathedrals, is of three-fold 
conftrudtion, and furnifhed with three fets of keys; one for 
what is called the great organ, and which is the middle fet, 
a fecond (or lower fet) for the choir organ, and a third (or 
upper fet) for the {well. In the great organ, the principal 
ftops are known by the following names ; the two diapafons, 
the principal, the twelfth, the fifteenth, the {efquialtera, the 
vox humana 
principal, the ieee, trumpet, and cornet. Belides this 
complete organ, there are other organs of f{maller fizes and 
more limited powers, adapted to church, chapel, and chamber 
ufe. There is alfo the barrel, or chamber organ, which has 
the parts of other organs, with the addition of a cylinder, 
or barrel, revolving on pivots: on the circumference of this, 
by means of wires, pins, and ftaples, are fet the tunes it 1s 
intended to perform. Thcefe pins and ttaples, by the revo- 
lution of the barrel, a&t upon the keys, and give admiffion 
to the wind from the bellows to the pipes. The barrel 
organ is frequently made portable, and fo contrived, that 
the fame a&ion - the hand which turns the barrel fupplies 
the wind, by giving motion to the bellows. 
Of all ‘aiifical inffrumente, he barrel organ is the meft eafy 
of performance, as it merely requires a regular motion given 
toit by a handle. On this account, it isan inftrument of very 
general ufe; andthe recent improvements of fome Englith 
Ba ate 
y be 
Man barrel eran 
on an extremely {mall fcale, motion being 
given to them by clock-work. The whole inftrument is 
frequently concealed in fome piece of furniture, and the 
clock, being previoufly wound up, is put in motion at 
pleafure, by dicherciae a trigger, producing a Math oa 
able effe@ to thofe unacquainted with the concealme 
) c to produce 
which the organ would never have been thought capable of 
before this inftrumenc was completed, and publicly exhis 
bited to immenfe numbers of vifitors, at Mr. Flight’s houfe 
in St. Martin’s Lane. pass siceomsi of the barrel part is 
Plate III. Organ, a and 2. are two fe@ions 
whole uerbin the firft being taken ve the Peay 
fig. 2 taken on a 
other, ‘that is parallel 2 is front of the inftr 
t the barrel and all its appur- 
the 
beneath the inftrument, near the floor a C in both 
figures ; thefe throw a conftant fupply sf air into the large 
chamber D, which ferves as a regulator to receive it and 
equalize its preflure, for which purpofe it is termed the 
refervoir: from this the air is conducted through the wind 
trunk E, to the wind cheft F: from the top of this cheft 
paffages are conducted up to the various pipes fituated at 
G,H,1,K,L,M. The paffages are clofed by valves within 
i cheft at 2, (fig. 1.) and a whole row of them may be feen 
in fig. 2: fon thefe valves {mall wires, 7, defcend, and b 
levers, N, communicate, by the rods Q, with the finger-keys 
O, P: the extremity, P, (jig. 1.) of one of thefe being prefled 
down, elevates the front end of one of the levers N, and 
pulling the wire, /, at the other end, opens the valve L and 
admitting air from the wind cheft into the pipe above, it pro- 
duces the found proper for that ke 
Having given our readers a general idea of the difpofition 
of the parts, we fhall proceed to a particular defcription of 
the conftruction of each. The bellows at A BC confift of 
a moving board ab, (fg.1.) having valves in it fhuttin 
downwards, to take in the air; it is conneéted by leather, 
lued all round its edges, with a large boarde¢c, which as it 
extends beneath the whole inftrument, and is united with its 
frame, may be called its floor or bottom. The floor has holes 
through it covered by valves, fhutting downwards. The 
chamber formed by the fpace between the floor and the 
moving board aé, is divided mto two feparate compart- 
ments by a vertical partition above d, extending from one 
board to the other: the board, a4, is jointed by hinges and 
leather to this partition at the point d, and when worked, 
vibrates on this joint as a centre, enlarging one chamber and 
diminifhing the other; which operation, by the arrangement 
of the valves, cirows a conitant ftream of air into the re- 
fervoir, D, of the bellows. Thus, fuppofe the end, a, of the 
board afcending, and the other, 4, defcending, then the valves 
in 4 will be open to take a fupply of air into their chamber. 
The valves in a will be fhut, and the air included in that 
chamber is forced up through the valves, in the middle 
board c, into the refervoir D, which is fituated above it. 
hough we have only menti ioned one pair of thefe double 
bellows, there are in reality three pair, all pe exadtly alike : 
they are denoted by the letters A, B,C, fig. 2. The middle 
bellows 2 which are much ba than the eee two, are in- 
tende e worked b 
means of. a treadle, which comes 0 
ment, beneath the key-board, as denoted by the dotted lines 
b, fig. 1. The other two pair, A andC, are worked by Sis 
3X2 
