OR! 
oe or AuRIcHALcUM, brafs. 
ASS. 
ee is evident, from all accounts, that the oe 
natu 
See 
at prefent ; but they had feveral ways of doing it, 
cinguifhed it into feveral kinds. ey hada Clic fort in 
Ar — one by Strabo, and ie under the name 
OF xpos It was made ing an earth with 
copper, wile in fufion; but aa om earth was, we are 
not infor 
None of our methods feem to be the fame with their’s, 
fince the met cal i is » debated by all our’s, and becomes = : 
whereas in their management, according to their owr 
counts, it feems not to toe loft any ae of its duétiity, 
though it — a peculiar brightne 
ORIEL Wiypow, in drcbitedlure, a projecting angular 
of a triagonal or pentagonal form, and di- 
window 
ays oa other 
vided by mullions and pre into geal 
hefe windows are not 
yle. 
ORIE ae vecaen in | Geagraphy or Aftronomy, the eal, 
or eaft point of the hor 
It is ste called from. the Latin, oriri, to arife; becaufe 
it is in this point the fun 
Onsent, Equinodial, is oe for = ie of the horizon 
wherein the fun rifes when he is in equator, or when 
he — the figns Aries and Libra. See Spring and 
AvT 
Ou is t, Afival, is the point wherein the fun rifes in 
the nid of tummer, when the days are longef 
NT; seine is the point where the fun rifes in the 
middle “of winter, when the days are fhortett. 
a fea-port town of Fran ances 
munes. N. lat. 47° 4 ong. 3° 
ORIENTAL, Poaea fituated ae the eaft with 
pofition to accidental. 
.d@. fuch as are 
when it appears in the ealt before the fun. 
See Bezoanr. 
See BisLE 
OrnrextaL Emerald. See EMERALD 
ORIENTAL Philofophy, 18 peel _ufed for the philo- 
fophy of the Eaft, or that of the Per ears wans, and 
Arabians, &c. See AN, CHALD. 
ena &ce. pint ophy. See alfo Pa ae tere PT, 
Mac cae rata! to the hiftory of the 
ancient uilologhy ee that, ‘from the moft remote 
, the Oriental H tslaphers endeavoured to explain the 
jo 
fophy,’? and returning home, 
ORT 
x 
ph 
Africa, is bat pro RS) 
Neverthelefs, this {pecies of philofophy didnot exift under any 
diftin& name, nor can it be eed, with certainty, to an 
fingle author or leader ; but a certain metaphyfical fyftem, 
chiefly refpe€ting the derivation of all nat ures, {piritual and 
a by emanation from the firft fountain, was before the 
mmencement of the Chriftian era taught inthe Eaft, whence 
it edule {pread eel the Alexandrian, Jewith, an 
Chriftian {chools. well known, that at the rife of the 
Clemens Alexandrinus (Stromat. lib. i.), who was well ac- 
quainted with Oriental hiftory, a the Greeks “borrowed 
what was moft valuable in philofophy from barbarians; for 
philofophy was ogee taught by the Brachmans, the 
Odryfir, the Gete, the Chaldzans, the inhabitants of 
rabia Felix and Paleftine, the Perfians, and many other 
agi 
ed t hal idea 
the e of learing pilot hy. Of the nature o 
siivie chy 6 which Democritus and aca ane in thefe 
{chools, As fome idea from the declaration of Plin 
taught it, in 
he writings of certain Orienval Phisteohee. which he illuf- 
te 
and other i. Hen 
may conclude, that. the Gal “hhlolophy fubhitted, ke 
eut interruption in the Eaft, through the period of the 
Grecian fects 
The uninterrupted continuance of the Oriental philofophy 
may be further interred from the fudden rife, and rapid 
{pread, of thofe numerous herefies, which, under the often- 
a name FS sas cifm, over-ran the churches af Da 
(See G Ics.) Porphyry, in his preface to a 
ae of Plotnus cual the Gtokic, fays, that xine were 
at that ti eretics, among whom were fom 
deriving ae ek from 
followers of 
iv may be inferr a rior to the a 
Gnoftic herefies amongit the Chriftians, a fyftem, well known 
by the name of the “ ancient phiiofophy,”’ exilted in the 
; that this philofophy is not to be fought among the 
G ae s, not even in Plato himfelf, but is oppofed to the 
Grecian philofophy, as more ancient and more sane to 
us determined 
to {pend eleven a “to ace the philo- 
fophy taught among the Perfians and Indians.”’ That 
the Gnoltic herefies were of eaftern origin may be further 
concluded from other circumftances, which it is not ne- 
ceflary now to mention. It deferves, moreover, to be 
confidered, that if all the fyftems of philofophy, diltin@ 
from thofe of the Grecian fects, which became are: in 
fra 
