ORNITHOLOGY. 
‘The next perfon in order to be noticed is the celebrated 
Conrad Gefner, of whom our readers will find a full account 
in the article already devoted to his labours as a naturalift and 
phyfician. contemporary of Belon, and has 
affigned the third volume of his hiftory of animals to the de- 
partment of ornithology. It contains much learning, and 
exhibits alphabetical tables of the names of birds, in He- 
brew, Chaldee, Arabic, Greek, Latin, and moft of the 
fpoken languages. His defcriptions are chiefly compilations 
made by abricgments, but his references at the 
ae and his knowledge very gener The arrangement 
of this naturalift is that made cording to coral 
order 
T he fame topics are difcuffed by eae gong ata or 
ame a _ ed phyfician, oe have fee 
vol, i s denominated the modern ; aia ela 
himfelf a the ae of Belon and Getter added greatly 
to their ftores, and cumpiled Sane = divided into twenty 
books, illuftrated by wood-c His catalogue comprifes 
but few birds, cceeptieg ene as are natives of Europe. 
He is faid to adopt too implicitly the vague diftinétions of 
Belon, to copy too fervilely from Ariftotle, and to over- 
{pread his borrowed materials with a mafs of dark com- 
aes See ALDROVANDI 
In his work he divides the whole clafs of 
birds i into land and water-fowls, and deduces his fubordinate 
His de sa 
anty, and eve 
With this 
veral {pecies of animals, ee fifhes, 
he was buta fhort time abroa 
parts of France, Spain, Ital erma 
places he was fo diligent and fuccefsful, that not many forts 
of animals, deferibed t by others, efcaped his obfervation. He 
drew them with a pencil, afterwards the birds were cu- 
rioufly engraved on co lates, at the charge of his 
widow, and printed with Fis ornithology, under the title of 
aera Willoughbeii de Middleton, Armigeri, e Reg. 
nithologie ibri tres, in quibus Aves omnes haétenus 
ead in Method 
curate a eebint pe "Deleri iptiones iconibus clegantafinis - 
vivarum Avium fimillimis, eri incifis, illuftrantur. yy 
opus recognovir, digeffit, fupplevit, Joh. Raius.”’ i oe 
made confiderable additions and improvements to Mr. Wil- 
loughby’s materials, and afterwards orm it into Eng- 
lith, and caufed it to be printed in . This work of 
Mr.. Willoughby i is divided into me books, which are fub- 
divided into chapters. In thefe he treats of the form and 
Fale oe of birds, of their organifation and internal 
itru& art are included twenty-four queries, 
the ae to which, if founded in fa&, and drawn up 
5 
’ 
with judgment, a not fail greatly to contribute to the 
advancement of ornitholog ognizes the 
He then te his leading diftinc- 
he called the moral qualities, as the ec ands of fubdivifions. 
His fecond and ile books contain the defcription and hnf- 
tory of the fpecie fit g are pre- 
fixed general ee including ‘the fabulous accounts of 
the ancients, and then fuch common properties as appeértain 
to the genus. The author en proceeds to the {pecific de- 
tails, ftating the moft important particulars with precifion, 
and finifhes with an account of peculiar habits. Mr. Ray 
drew up a Synopfis of Birds and Fifhes, which was publifhed 
after his death by Dr. Derham, with the title * Joannis 
Raii Synopfis methodica Avium et Pifcium ; Opus pofthu- 
rae quod viv 
Aut 
ternal conformat 
ob boise Klein aes y" ae in sheet 
itl m Prodrom 
ar examined by himfelf, are thought to be very accu- 
but fo on of a difcriminating “Gudement, he is 
rifled by the errors of others. 
Of our great naturalift Linneus we fhall fpeak here- 
after : to him has been affigned the date of 1766, the year 
in which he publifhed the 12th edition of his Syftema Na- 
ture 
M. Salern ne, a phyfician of Orleans, left behind him a ma- 
nufcript treatife on yeh which was Lagoa by his 
friends. He follow t the hiftorical 
olin exe- 
in number, are engraved with uncommon 
{tem of Ornithology b y M. Briffon, in French 
and Latin, is comprifed in fix ober, quarto. e diftri- 
butes birds into 26 — inftituted from the form of the 
feet, bill, &c ; 115 genera, which are determined by the 
peculiarities of the bill or aaa en and about 1300 {pecies. 
Each article is preceded by a numerous at accurate van 
ti e- 
