os T 
after it had been firit invefted, oe er eg a Nalabieate 
who had for this long interval, ~~ equal fkill a bravery, 
defended themfelves againft the moft vigorous and deter- 
after a “enifiee of cee brave 
e moft honourable terms of capitula- 
e year 1706 it was befieged by fome troops 
of ie allied army, Pe after an obilinate refiftance the gar- 
The States, having put in 
a garrifon of their own troops, kept it till the year 1715, 
when, in confequence of the barrier treaty, they yielded it up 
to the troops of the emprefs. In 1722 the court of Vienna 
In 1711 
and iim edifice, was begun and completed. 
giftracy is compofed of a bailiff, a burgo-maiter, {even eche- 
vins, and a treafurer; the office of bailiff is for life, and 
the other officers are annually changed. At Oftend they 
have no frefh water, which is brought in beats from Bruges, 
and preferved in a large refervoir near the harbour. The 
town was evacuated by the song of the re in July 
1794. N.lat. 91° 13’. E. long. 11° 52'—Alfo, a town 
of Africa, on the Ivory Coatt ; Pe miles N.E. of Cape 
Palmas. 
OSTENSIO, a tax anciently paid by merchants, &c. 
for leave to fhow, or expofe their goods to fhow and fale in 
markets. 
OSTENSIVE Demonstrations, fuch as plainly and 
dire€tly demonftrate the truth of any propofition 
In which they ftand diftinguifhed from apagogical ones, or 
reductions ad abfurdum, or ad impoffibile, which prove the 
truth propofed, by demonftrating the abfurdity or impoflibi- 
lity of the contrary. 
Oftenfive demonftrations are of two forts: fome barely, 
but dire€tly, prove the thing to ee which they call ov. 
Others demonftrate the thing from s caufe, nature, o 
ees properties ; - thefe are called in the {chools be ‘he 
EMONSTRATIO 
“OSTEOCOLLA, oseoxoara, in Natural Hiftory, a white, 
or afh-coloured {parry fubftance, fhaped like a bone, an 
fome fuppofed, without fufficient reafon, to have the qua- 
lity of ae aaa bones; on which account it is ordered 
in fome pla 
It is fo 
which are ufually hollow 
~~ 
a in on aes as bape Hed ap pieces, 
e fometimes filled up with a 
em ie remains 
but though it is plain from thence, that mary pieces of ofteo- 
colla have been formed by incruftations round fticks, yet the 
greater number are not fo; but are irregularly tubular, and 
feem formed of a flat cake, rolled up ima irae 
The crufts of which thefe are compofed do n 
ey were on 
compofing a flat furface, which fa crear been rolled 
up as one might do a paper three or paOUE times doubled, 
OST 
into two, three, or more fpiral lines ; in which cafe, each 
fingle edge of the paper would be every where a regular 
part of a continued {piral line drawn fronva given point ; but 
they would by no means be fo many detached concentric 
circles. 
The ofteocolla is found of various _ from that of a 
crow-quill to the thicknefs of a man’s arm. It is compofed 
of {and and earth, which may be feparated by wafhing the 
powdered ofteocolla with water, aud is found, both in dig- 
ging and in feveral brooks, in many parts of Germany, and 
elfewhere. 
OAeocolla is called hammofteus in many parts of Germany. 
It has this name in thefe places from the obfervation of its 
always growing in fand, never in clay, or any folid foil, nor 
even in gravel, Where a piece of it any where appears on the 
eS they dig down for it, and find the branches run ten 
welve feet deep. They ufually run fraizht down, but 
fom aues they are found fpreading into many parts near 
the furface, as if it were a fubterraneous tree, whofe main 
fiem began at twelve feet a oe and thence grew up ina 
branched manner, till m 
branches that grow out from it are thickeft near the trunk, 
and oe as they feparate fromit. The thinneft are about 
the fize of a man’s finger. The people employed to colleé& 
this lease: when ay cannot find any mark of it on the 
{urface, fearch after the {pecks of white or little lumps of 
per 
they mifs of t 
ftill find the fubftance like rotten wood ; which, 
in its courfe, is found to proceed from a main tea at t 
epth of that of the oy and to fpread it (elf ie 
branches in the ; e diggers call this fub- 
ftance the flower of ofteocolla, or haanne! eu 
beco it in the fho The method 
to take pe iece {pe is to open th 
round, clear away the fand, and leave it fo for an hour or 
thereabouts : in this time it will harden, and may be taken 
ut wh t is certain that the ofteocolla is produced at 
this time ; for, if a pit be cleared of it, there will more grow 
there in a y w is difference, that it will 
t harden fo eafily in the air as the other. 
What the rotten eee refembling the decayed branches 
re) 
e€ h 
bafis of the eee arel it very liable to moulder and 
es we ulually fee the ofteocolla 
und folid, but in this cafe there 
res, 
ound in it on a clofe eine 
which will i be Phil. 
Tran 
Osreacon ua: Flower. ae FLOWER. 
OsTEOCOLLA- Root. rey 
OSTE OLLON, i in » Botany a name given by fome 
authors to the great comfry. 
This 
