On the Ancient Lake Habitations of Switzerland. 1 71 



teeth of extinct animals, in caverns near Torquay, Devonshire ; 

 Liege, Belgium ; and many localities in France and Germany. 



III. Shell-mounds, or " kitchen-refuse heaps" (Kjokken- 

 modding), containing flint implements and other reliques, 

 and bones of various animals, birds, and fish, found almost 

 everywhere along the Danish coast. 



IV. Works of art, of three distinct epochs, in the Danish 

 peat-mosses. 



V. Artificial islands (Orannoges), with abundance of animal 

 remains, and works of art from the Irish lakes and peat bogs. 



VI. " Pile-works" (Pfahlbauten) of the Swiss lakes. 



The last-mentioned of these discoveries is so interesting, 

 that I purpose to give a brief resume of the facts and results 

 for the information of those who may not have read the various 

 details, published elsewhere.* 



The objects figured in the engravingf are (with one excep- 

 tion) exhibited in the British room of the British Museum, 

 and are selected from the small but choice collection obtained 

 in part through the kind exertions of the Honourable Admiral 

 Harris, H.B.M. Minister at Berne, and in part presented by 

 Colonel Schwab, of Bienne. 



I shall refer to them in the course of my narrative, and 

 give a list of objects at the end. The collection represents no 

 fewer than twelve localities, and seven different lakes. 



The Swiss fishermen and boatmen had frequently observed, 

 during calm weather, what appeared to them to be the clus- 

 tering collections of erect stems of trees, from ten to twenty 

 feet beneath the surface, in the clear waters of the lakes, which 

 were supposed to be remains of submerged forests. They 



* The writer begs to express his thanks to his friend, Mr. John Evans, F.S.A., 

 F.G.S., etc., and to his colleague, Mr. A. W. Franks, F.S.A., etc., of the Depart- 

 ment of Antiquities, who have kindly assisted him with valuable information - 

 suggestions, and advice. Those who desire a more full account are referred 

 to the following works, to which the writer begs to acknowledge himself indebted 

 for much information and most of his facts : — 



"The Ulster Journal of Archaeology," 1859, Belfast, vol. vii., No. 27, pp. 

 179 — 194. [A translation of a paper by M. Fred. Troyon, on Swiss Lake Dwell- 

 ings, and an Account of Irish Orannoges.] " Archscologia," Loudon, 1860, 

 vol. xxxviii., p. 177 : W. M. Wylie, M.A., on Lake Dwellings of the Early Periods. 

 " Natural History Eeview," 1862, vol. ii. : J. Lubbock on the Ancient Swiss Lake 

 Dwellings, etc. Lyell, " Antiquity of Man," London, Nov. 1863. Troyon, Fred., 

 " Habitations Lacustres," Lausanne, 1860, 8vo. Keller, Dr. Fred. " Die Pfahl- 

 bauten," in Mittheilungen Der Antiq. Gesellschaft, Zurich, Bd. xii., 1858, 

 and B, xiii., 1860. Riitimcyer, Dr. L. " Untersuchung der Thicrreste aus den 

 Pfahlbauten der Schweiz," in ditto, Bd. xiii., 1860. Keller, Dr. F., " Keltischen 

 Pfahlbauten in den Schweizerseen," Zurich, 1854. Herodotus, lib. v., cap. 16. 

 " Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Royal Irish Academy, Dublin," by Mr. 

 W. R. Wilde, M.R.I.A., on " Crannoges." M. Morlot, " Leqon d'Ouverture 

 d'un cours sur la haute Antiquite fait a l'Academie de Lausanne." 



t The original drawing was most carefully prepared from the specimens, by 

 my friend, Mr. J. Dinkel, of Oakley Square. 



