The Origin and Transformation of Animals. 95 



Thirdly. That the cane-sugar afterwards becomes gradually 

 altered into grape-sugar by common chemical composition. 



The flavour is of course quite accidental, and dependent on 

 the aroma of the flowers the bees have visited. 



For the purpose of illustrating the lamentable manner in 

 which so useful an article as honey is frequently adulterated, 

 the author exhibited four examples, all purchased in Bristol. 



No. 1 was adulterated with cheap arrowroot and common 

 brown sugar. The starch granules were easily detected under 

 the microscope. The crystals of brown sugar were in consider- 

 able quantity, accompanied with the disgusting acarus, alive 

 and in all stages of growth. It was remarked that in this and 

 several other specimens the cane-sugar crystals present in the 

 honey had no resemblance to the engravings in Dr. HassalFs 

 work, nor in Dr. Lankester's Half Hours with the Microscope. 

 Here the sugar had always the appearance of sugar-candy, or 

 else flattened prisms, but totally distinct from the genuine 

 honey crystals. 



No. 2 had been lowered with brown sugar only, and in 

 every respect resembled No. 1, minus the starch granules. 



No. 3 was adulterated with pipeclay and turmeric. The 

 peculiar cell structure demonstrated the presence of turmeric. 

 The clay was easily separated by washing. The author ex- 

 hibited a good sized button of pipeclay, which he had obtained 

 in this manner. 



No. 4 was adulterated with plaster of Paris and brown 

 sugar. In this instance the gypsum was procured in the same 

 manner as the pipeclay of No. 3. The usual chemical tests — 

 barium and oxalic acid, proved its composition. 



With all these honeys a considerable quantity of water must 

 have been added, for they continued in a liquid state throughout 

 the winter, without the slightest appearance of setting. 



THE OEIGIN AND TKANSFOKMATION OF ANIMALS. 



During the years 1855 and 1856 M. Quatrefages published a 

 series of articles in the Revue des Deux-Mondes, which he has 

 now elaborated into a book entitled Metamorphose de V Homme et 

 des Animaux ; and as this work deals in a succinct and agree- 

 able form with questions of great interest, we propose in this 

 paper to give an account of the principal results which are set 

 forth in its pages. In distinct opposition to the school of 

 Heterogenists — represented in France by M. Pouchet and in 

 England by Dr. Grant — M. Quatrefages adheres to the maxim 

 of the illustrious Harvey, Omne vivum ex ovo — " Every living 



