334 The Jungermannia Section of Livemvorts. 



those whose leaves are attended by secondary leaves, or sti- 

 pules. This section is also again subdivided into groups 

 differing more or less from each other. The first contains 

 those whose leaves are entire, or rarely emarginate. They all 

 fruit either in spring or summer, and therefore we shall pass 

 them over, and turn to the next group, which have bifid, or 

 bi-trifid leaves with equal segments, and stipules much 

 smaller than, and very distinct from the leaves, and as an 

 example of the group we take Jungermannia bidentata, or the 

 triangular-sheathed Jungermannia, which fruits both in winter 

 and spring. It has an elongated sparingly branched pro- 

 cumbent tender stem, with ascending branches, ovato-trian- 

 gular leaves, which are bifid at the apex, the sinus, or curvi- 

 linear indentation between the two projecting teeth, is semi- 

 lunulate, or half-moon shaped, when seen under the micro- 

 scope, the segment very acute and entire, 

 the stipules much smaller, bifid, or bi- 

 trifid and lacinated, perianth oblong, 

 subtriangular, the mouth lacinato-dentate, 

 and the involucral leaves deeply bifid. It 

 thrives in humid shady situations, especially 

 among mosses, and at the roots of trees. 

 It is found throughout Europe, in North 

 America, and in parts of Asia ; and is an 

 inhabitant of many islands, is of a pale 

 whitish green colour, and has an agreeable 

 and refreshing odour, which Hooker com- 

 pares to that of the "dry earth, suddenly 

 moistened by a shower." The illustration 

 Example of the Foiiaoeous i s no t greatly magnified, but sufficiently so 



section. J. bidentata, with R J » / >> 



fruit. The capsule burst, to exhibit the proportions, the irmt-stalk 

 spores gone. "being long, and the perianth large in com- 

 parison to the rest of the plant. 



Another species, fruiting both in winter and spring, rarely 

 found among rocks, but loving humid places and flourishing 

 upon decaying wood and at the foot of alders, is Jungermannia 

 heterophylla, or the various-leaved Jungermannia ; it has a 

 branched and creeping stem, with roundish ovate decurrent 

 leaves, the apex generally obtusely emarginate or entire, rarely 

 acutely delved out, the stipules bi-quadrifid, here and there 

 lacinated, the perianth ovato-triangular with lacinated mouth. 

 In the next group we have those species whose leaves and 

 stipules are nearly of equal size, and easily confounded. Jun- 

 germannia setacea, or the bristly Jungermannia, belonging to 

 this group, fruits in October and November. It has a confer- 

 void structure of foliage upon a creeping somewhat pinnately 

 branched stem, the leaves and stipules similar, deeply bifid, or 



