BIGELOW: EXPLORATIONS IN THE GULF OF MAINE. 105 



At Station 38 and 39, the nets yielded comparatively little except 

 diatoms (p. 133), though more than in Grand Manan Channel. In 

 fact it was not until Penobscot Bay was passed that we once more ran 

 into copepods in abundance near the coast. The poverty of the 

 macroplankton in general was-shared by the fish fry, for our nets did 

 not yield a single young fish along this whole stretch of coast, i. e. 

 Stations 33 to 39. At Station 40 we once more met a rich copepod 

 plankton, chiefly Calanus finmarchicus on the surface as well as in the 

 intermediate haul. Calanus hyperboreus was likewise represented by 

 one specimen (20-0 fathoms). Considerable numbers of larval Se- 

 bastes were taken at this Station ; and swarms of Pleurobrachia pileus 

 and Phialidium languidum gave the tow a distinctive character dif- 

 ferent from any previously taken. Between Station 40 and Cape 

 Ann (Station 41), the Calanus swarm was once more met, but at this 

 Station there were about as many Centropages as Calanus on the 

 surface; and a surface haul at night off the Cape (Station 42) yielded 

 large masses of Calanus. The tow at this Station was notable for 

 containing large numbers of the copepod Anomalocera patersoni, be- 

 sides Euthemisto, Tomopteris helgolandica, Sagitta elegans, Cyanea, 

 Staurophora, Phialidium, and many fish larvae. The plankton off 

 Cape Cod at the end of August (Station 43) proved to be of the same 

 type that we had found generally over the Gulf, the prevailing ani- 

 mal being Calanus finmarchicus, with Eucheata norvegica in less abun- 

 dance; Euthemisto, Pleurobrachia, Beroe, Staurophora, and a few 

 larval fishes were also taken. Our lines do not afford any informa- 

 tion as to how far south the Calanus swarm extended; but some tows 

 made by Capt. John McFarland of the fishing schooner Victor 

 revealed this copepod in great numbers five miles east of Chatham, 

 on September 20. However, twelve miles S. E. of Chatham, a day 

 or two later, his tow shows that it was outnumbered by Pseudocala- 

 nus, five hundred to one. And, as pointed out (p. 121) he collected 

 a pure Salpa plankton on the surface twenty-five miles off the 

 same port on September 30, which is good evidence that Gulf Stream 

 water was making its influence felt in that region. 



Off Cape Ann (Station 42) fish fry of several species, notably 

 cunner (Tautogolabrus), redfish (Sebastes), rockling (Enchelyopus) 

 and witch flounder (Glyptocephalus) were taken ; and in the southern 

 half of Massachusetts Bay (Station 44) the hauls yielded many larval 

 sanddabs (Hippoglossoides) and witch flounders (Glyptocephalus), 

 with a few redfish (Sebastes), silver hake (Merluccius), and rockling 

 (Enchelyopus). The hauls off Cape Cod (Station 43) contained only 

 nine fish fry, five Sebastes, and four Enchelyopus. 



