14 



Dr. S. Young on the Boiling -Points 

 Table VII. 





V 



Lowei 



\riable Radical Normal. 



Iso-group in Variable Eadical. 



Members. 



Higher Members. 



Lower Members. 



Higher Members. 



Formula. 

















No. of 



Mean diff. 



No. of 



Mean diff. 



No. of 



Mean diff. 



No. of 



Mean difi'. 





■values 



betwen 



values 



between 



values 



between 



values 



between 





of A. 



calc. & obs. 



of A. 



calc. & obs. 



of A. 



calc. & obs. 



of A. 



calc. & obs. 



C 2 H 4 2 



2 



+945 















C 3 H 6 2 



4 



+7-57 















C 4 H 8 2 



5 



+7-69 



o 



+ 3-82 



1 



+ 1-35 







C 5 H 10 O 2 



6 



+7-47 



4 



+350 



3 



4-1-42 







C G H T2 2 



8 



4-5-56 



6 



+2-02 



2 



4-2-20 







C T H u 2 



5 



+3-78 



8 



+ 1-18 



4 



4-1-34 



1 



-3-00 



C 8 H ie 2 



3 



+5-43 



9 



+2 00 



4 



+0-02 







C H 18 O 2 



4 



4-5-16 



9 



+ 1-50 



1 



-1-50 







^10 H 2 o0 2 



3 



4-300 



8 



4-0-87 











CnHoA 







7 



4-111 











C 12 H 24 2 







4 



4-0-73 











C 13H 2 6 2 







4 



4-2-69 











C 14 H 28 2 





! 



3 



4-0-90 











C 15 H 30 O 2 







2 



-012 











C 1G H 32 2 



















Total ... 



40 



4-600 



66 



4-1-60 



15 



1 



+0-93 



1 



-300 



Although the values of A cannot be calculated from the 



formula A 



144-86 



so 



accurately for the esters as for 



T0-0148VT 



the non-associating compounds previously considered, yet it 

 may perhaps be stated that the error rarely exceeds 1°*5 when 

 there is an iso-group in the variable radical, or when the 

 variable radical, if normal, contains at least six carbon 

 atoms. Thus the observed boiling-point of n-hexyl formate 

 is 153°*6, and the value of A calculated from the formula is 

 22 c *8, giving 176 0, 4 as the boiling-point of the next higher 

 homologue. This agrees very well with the observed B.P. of 

 w-heptyl formate, 176°'7, but not with that of rc-hexyl acetate, 

 169°*2. Again, the observed B.P. of methyl caproate 

 (hexoate) is 149°' 6, and the calculated value of A is 23 o, 0, 

 giving 172°*6 as the B.P. of the next homologue. The 

 observed B.P. of methyl cenanthylate (heptoate) is 172°\1, 

 but that of ethyl caproate is only 166°*6. 



