212 Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



eided by a spectroscopic examination of the absorption. — Berichte 

 der haiserlichm Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 1880, XVII. 

 pp. 135-138. 



SPECTROSCOPIC RESEARCHES. BY DR. G. L. CIAMICIAN. 

 The author has obtained the following results by the study of 

 twenty elements : — 



I. Carbon has two spectra, one of the first and one of the second 

 order, in accordance with the general rule that each element pos- 

 sesses two spectra. 



II. Amongst carbon-compounds, only cyanogen, carbon-monoxide, 

 and acetylene have special spectra. 



III. The spectra of the radicals cyanogen and carbonyl have a 

 simple relation to the spectra of the first order of their compo- 

 nents. The most refrangible end of the carbonic-oxide and cyanogen 

 spectra is homologous with that of the carbon spectrum of the first 

 order. On the other hand, the less refrangible half of the cyanogen 

 spectrum is to be compared with that of the nitrogen spectrum of 

 the first order. 



IV. The spectra of the second order of carbon, boron, silicon, and 

 aluminium are homologous. It is to be remarked that the less 

 refrangible end of the spectra of silicon and aluminium has nothing 

 corresponding to it in the spectra of carbon and boron, and is com- 

 parable with the less refrangible portions of the spectra of the ele- 

 ments of the oxygen group. Boron, silicon, and aluminium have 

 also spectra of the first order which correspond to the spectrum of 

 carbon of the first order. 



V. The spectra of the first and second order of carbon and of 

 magnesium are completely homologous. 



VI. The more refrangible half of the homologous spectra of ba- 

 rium, strontium, and calcium is homologous with the magnesium 

 spectrum. 



VII. The spectra of the elements oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and 

 tellurium are completely homologous amongst themselves, both as 

 regards the more refrangible and the less refrangible halves. 



VIII. The spectra of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony are to 

 be compared with the spectrum of nitrogen in the red portions ; 

 and in like manner only the less refrangible portions of the spectra 

 of the halogens are homologous with the spectrum of fluorine. 



IX. The less refrangible end of the spectra of silicon, aluminium, 

 calcium, strontium, and barium is homologous with that of the 

 spectra of the elements of the oxygen group ; and those elements 

 are more nearly comparable which form a horizontal line in Men- 

 delejeff's table, e.g. sulphur, siKcon, aluminium, calcium, selenium, 

 strontium and tellurium, barium. 



X. The more refrangible end of the spectra of chlorine, bromine, 

 iodine and phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, is homologous with 

 the more refrangible part of the spectra of the elements of the 

 oxygen group; the elements sulphur, chlorine, phosphorus, bro- 

 mine, arsenic and tellurium, iodine, antimony are most nearly com- 

 parable. 



From these relations of homology of the elements, and on 



