394 Geological Society. 



shire, with the Description of a new Fauna." By C. Callaway, Esq., 

 M.A.,F.G.S. 



The purpose of the author was to prove that certain olive, mica- 

 ceous, thin-bedded shales exposed at Shineton, near Cressage, and 

 covering an area eight miles in length by two in the greatest 

 breadth, which had been mapped as Caradoc in the survey, were of 

 Tremadoc age. They were seen clearly to underlie the Hoar-Edge 

 Grit, the lowest beds in the district, with Caradoc fossils ; and no 

 rock distinctly underlying the shales could be detected. The evi- 

 dence for their age was chiefly palaeontological. With the exception 

 of Asaphus Homfrayi, a Tremadoc form, the species are new. Genera 

 such as Olenus, Conocoryphe, Obolella, and Lingulella suggested a 

 very low horizon ; but two Asaphoid forms (though not typical 

 AsapJii) pointed in an opposite direction. Corroborative evidence 

 was found in a correlation of the shales at Shineton with the 

 Dictyonema-shales at Pedwardine and Malvern. It was shown from 

 lithological characters and from fossils that the shales at the three 

 localities were of the same age ; and as the beds at Pedwardine and 

 Malvern were, on their own testimony, admitted to be of Lingula- 

 flag or Tremadoc age, the Shineton shales were inferred to be on the 

 same horizon, the Asaphids leading the author to adopt the younger 

 of the two formations. He was of opinion that the Black Shales of 

 Malvern (Dolgelly beds) were not represented in the Shineton area. 

 He announced the discovery of the Hollybush Sandstone, forming a 

 continuous band between the Shineton Shales and the "Wrekin axis, 

 recognized by the occurrence of Kutorgina cingulata, and probably 

 separated from the shales by a fault. This also afforded corro- 

 borative evidence of the identity of the Diclyonema-shales with the 

 shales at Shineton. 



April 11th, 1877.— Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.R.S., 

 President, in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 

 . 1. " On Sandworn Stones from New Zealand." By John D. 

 Enys, Esq., F.G.S. 



The author exhibited specimens of sandworn pebbles from near 

 Wellington in New Zealand, and described their mode of occur- 

 rence. They are found on an isthmus rising but little above the 

 sea, and about a mile wide, and having on each side a line of low 

 sandhills, separated by a flat space of clayey sand, on which the 

 stones rest. The isthmus separates two bays, on each side of which 

 the ground is high; and hence the prevailing winds (which are 

 north-west and south-east) blow across the isthmus with consider- 

 able force, and carry with them a cloud of sand, which, on a windy 

 day, forms a dense mass reaching about to the knees of a person 

 walking over the ground. The passage of this moving sand over 

 the stones or pebbles lying on the surface wears them away so as to 

 give them sloping sides, and even to bring them to an angle or ridge 

 running along the upper surface, the direction of the longer axis 

 of the stone with respect to the prevailing wind governing the par- 



