Recent Discoveries in Entozoology. 393 



attention to the accompanying plate, for "which we are in- 

 debted to Dr. Cobbold, who is at the present time engaged in 

 preparing a new work on the entozoa of man and animals. 

 He has also supplied us with the following explanatory re- 

 ferences, which supersede the necessity of our entering into a 

 more minute description of the worm. This entozoon will, 

 doubtless, be more fully described in his forthcoming work : — 



Explanation of Plate. — Fig. 1. Juvenile echinococcus — 

 hydatid, about six weeks old (x 50 diam.). From a specimen 

 reared by Leuckart, and now in Dr. Cobbold's collection. 

 2. Portion of a large Echinococcus hydatid from a cyst in the 

 human liver. From a specimen in the Museum of the Mid- 

 dlesex Hospital, Dr. Murchison's case. Coloured naturally by 

 the bile. 3. Similar portion of an hydatid, artificially coloured 

 with magenta. Dr. Greenhow's case. Specimen preserved in 

 the same museum. 4. Echinococcus-scolex, or head with the 

 hooks and suckers displayed, from a zebra (x about 500 diam.). 

 After Huxley. 5. Two of the hooks separated; one seen in 

 profile, the other in front. After Huxley. 6. An entire 

 sexually mature Tcenia echinococcus, shewing the head, rostellum, 

 suckers, and the three succeeding segments, the last of which 

 is the largest, and contains the ova and other reproductive 

 elements ( X 30 diam.) . From a specimen prepared by Leuckart, 

 and now preserved in Dr. Cobbold' s cabinet. 



Having said thus much about the entozoon, and the disease 

 it produces, one naturally desires to know what methods are 

 to be adopted in order to quit ourselves of these ugly little 

 customers. In the present state of our science we are not, 

 perhaps, entirely able to bring about the total abolition of this 

 terrible hydatid disease, but, at all events, the suggestions of 

 Drs. Leuckart and Cobbold show us the way in which we may 

 check it to a very noteworthy extent. We shall, therefore, 

 allow these gentlemen to speak for themselves : — 



" In order to escape the dangers of infection, the dog must 

 be watched, not only within the house, but whilst he is outside 

 of it. He must not be allowed to visit either slaughter-houses 

 or knackeries, and care must be taken that neither the offals 

 nor hydatids found in such places are accessible to him. In 

 this matter the sanitary inspector has many important duties 

 to perform. The carelessness with which these offals have 

 hitherto been disposed of, or even purposely given to the dog, 

 must no longer be permitted, if the welfare of the digestive 

 organs of mankind are to be considered. What blessed results 

 may follow from these precautions may be readily gathered 

 from the consideration of the fact that, at present, almost the 

 sixth part of all the inhabitants annually dying in Iceland, fall 

 victims to the echinococcus epidemic. It is true, that nowhere 



