118 Prof. K. Pearson on some Applications of the 



the Row- Grave skulls of Southern Germany and the ancient 

 skulls of our own country dating from the British period *. 

 In both these cases, I take it 7 we have a priori historical 

 evidence for the probability of a racial mixture. A resolution 

 therefore will tell us, although somewhat roughly, the pro- 

 portions of the racial mixture, and to some extent point out 

 the racial factor which has survived to the present day. 

 Hence the importance of such investigations. 



(5) Illustration II. The Row-Grave Skulls. — These skulls 

 date from the fourth to the fifth centuries, — the latter part and 

 close of the folk-wanderings. The Row-Graves are found prin- 

 cipally in Baden and Bavaria. 0. Ammon, in his work Die 

 natilrtiche Auslese beim Menschen, Jena, 1893_, gives (p. 66) 

 Kollmann's results for 675 Row-Grave skulls. He compares 

 them with the modern German distribution in the same 

 districts, and concludes that there has been an evolution in 

 the shape of the Germanic head. This investigation appears 

 to me very incomplete ; it does not settle the main question 

 at all, i. e. whether evolution has gone on by (1) survival of 

 the fitter inside a homogeneous population, or (2) survival of 

 the fitter of two races, both of which were in existence at the 

 time of the folk-wanderings. It is this question upon which 

 Dr. MacdonelPs investigation seems to throw strong light. 



The following table gives the observed frequencies, sexual 

 differences being disregarded j\ 



Cephalic 

 Index. 



Frequency. 



Cephalic 

 Index. 



Frequency. 



67 



1 



81 



40 



68 



1 



82 



31 



69 



3 



83 



25 



70 



8 



84 



28 



71 



13 



85 



21 



72 



13 



86 



20 



73 



33 



87 



9 



74 



36 



88 



10 



75 



49 



89 



6 



76 



59 



90 



10 



77 



69 



91 



2 



78 



70 



92 



3 



79 



54 



93 



o 



80 



58 



94 



1 



* I had previously dealt with these cases to a much rougher numerical 

 approximation, and diagrams of the component distributions were exhibited 

 some years ago at a Iioyal Society Soiree. 



t In cases where I could sex the Row-Grave Skulls (see ' The Chances 

 of Death,' vol. i. p. 36]), I did not find the cephalic index a marked 

 sexual character. 



