Theory of Chance to Racial Differentiation , 



121 



South German, and of the old Alemanns. Our conclusion 

 therefore must be : — That the Row Graves contain a mixture 

 of two populations, possibly Celtic and Germanic, in the ratio 

 approximately of 4 to 1. The latter element has largely sur- 

 vived in the race struggle in Southern Germany. That the 

 cephalic index at present is somewhat lower than 85 may be 

 due either to evolution within a pure Germanic race, or to the 

 continued presence of a small element of the Celtic race. In 

 the distribution of the head-index of the modern Baden 

 population there is, however, scarcely a trace of that skewness 

 which is so characteristic of the Row-Grave skulls (see for 

 example Amnion's diagram, loc. cit., p. 68). 



This result strengthens the conclusion which is pressed 

 upon us by other investigations, namely, that man evolves 

 largely by the survival of a race rather than mainly by the 

 selection of special types within the race. Both processes are 

 probably at work, but I believe too much stress has been laid 

 on the latter. 



(6) Illustration III. — We have not for Great Britain as 

 ample data as for Southern Germany. In the Crania 

 Britannica I can find only 114 skulls in all attributed to the 

 ancient Britons, taking male skulls alone. The probable 

 errors in dealing with such small numbers must be large, but 

 it seemed of interest to attempt the same sort of resolution as 

 we have carried out for the ancient Germans. It is needless 

 to say that the irequency distribution had been previously 

 observed to be very skew and to suggest heterogeneity. 



The data are given in the following table, where for the 

 purpose of plotting such very irregular material, the smoothed 

 values are given obtained by taking the mean of each three 

 groups. Of course the constants have all been calculated 

 from the unsmoothed frequencies : — 





Frequency. 





I 



Frequency. 





Frequency. 





Frequency. 



Index. 





Index. 







Index. 





Index. 



















I 





Actual. 



Smd. 





Actual. 



Smd. 

 5 





Actual. 



Smd. 





Actual. 



Smd. 



62... 











71 



4 



80 



6 



f 2 



89 







£ 



63... 







i 



72 



7 



6 



81 



7 



6 2 



90 











64... 



1 



* 



73 



7 



7^ ; 



82 



7 



^ 



9L 







i 



65... 







* 



74 



8 



8-1 



83 



5 



5i 



92 



1 



i 



66... 







2 

 3" 



75 



11 



^ 



84 



4 



n 



93 







JL 



67... 



o 



2 



76 



3 



71 



85 



5 



34 



94 











68... 



4 



2* 



77 



9 



H 



86 



o 



»i 



95 







69... 



1 



3 



78 



7 



H 



87 



4 



2+ 



96 







70... 



4 



3 



70 



4 



5# 



88 



1 



1. 



97 







