1911] Fernald,— Expedition to Newfoundland 139 
plants found chiefly in regions to the southwest of Newfoundland and 
may be divided into two subclasses. 
Suspcitass A. CANADIAN AND ALLEGHANIAN PLANTS COMMON TO 
NEWFOUNDLAND, Nova Scotia, NEw BRUNSWICK, AND COASTWISE 
New ENGLAND BUT UNKNOWN IN EASTERNMOST QUEBEC OR LABRADOR. 
214 species = 27} per cent of the Newfoundland flora. 
It is not possible in our northeastern regions to ila sharply 
between the Canadian and Alleghanian floras. any plants such 
as Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Pinus Sirus Cypripedium 
acaule, —_ humilis, Spiraea SAE. Acer rubrum, Aralia hispida, 
E machi 
Pyrola americana, Epigaea repens, ia terrestris, and Solidago 
rugosa pease in both regions rye very often encroach upon the 
Carolinian area. In placing species in Subclass A no distinction has 
been made between eouahes and Alleghanian; but the significant 
point in regard to this large group is that its species occur in 
the North Atlantic States, Nova Scotia, and often New Bruns- 
wick, are rare or unknown on the Gaspé Peninsula or Anti- 
costi, and reach their northeastern limit on the continent in 
western Saguenay County, Quebec, 400-500 miles west of the 
Straits of Belle Isle. 
Besides the — just enumerated this group contains such very 
familiar plants as Dryoptcris cristata, Lycopodium complanatum, var. 
flabelliforme, Pinus resinosa, Panicum boreale, Oryzopsis asperifolia, 
Glyceria canadensis, Elymus ib ges "Scirpus georgianus, Rynchospora 
fusca, Carex vulpinoidea, Juncus effusus, var. Pylaei,! J. canadensis, 
Trillium cernuum, Calopogon pulchellue, Pogonia ophioglossoides, 
Arethusa oe Salix Soten Polygonum sagittatum, Pyrus melano- 
carpa, a virginiana, Ilex verticillata, Oenothera pumila, Cicuta bulbi- 
fera, Gautthenta procumbens, Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium macro- 
carpon, Apocynum dndronsenicioliunk. Lycopus uniflorus, Viburnum 
cassinoides, Lobelia Dortmanna, Eupatorium purpureum, var. maculatum, 
Aster nemoralis, A. umbellatus, and Antennaria naodioken: As g 
representatives as any of the distribution of Subclass A are the ines 
bog orchid, Calopogon pulchellus, the range of which is shown in plate 
89, fig. 7, and the Red or Norway Pine, Pinus resinosa, the range 
shown in plate 89, fig. 8. 
Supciass B. CaRroLintiaN PLANTS COMMON TO NEWFOUNDLAND, 
Nova Scotia, Care Cop AND ADJACENT ISLANDS, Lona IsLanp, 
OR COASTAL AND SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, BUT RARE OR UNKNOWN 
INLAND OR IN CONTINENTAL EASTERN CANADA. 60 species = 73 
Per cent of the Newfoundland flora. 
See Ruopora, xii. 92 (1910). 
