1911] Fernald,— Expedition to Newfoundland 135 
Thus I have recounted some of our discoveries and have as briefly 
as possible, though I fear at too great length, tried to give some impres- 
sion of our more notable days of field-work during the past summer. 
Many unchronicled days yielded important results and after deter- 
mining all the plants we can by matching in the herbarium and by 
the ordinary works of reference we have a stack of ‘‘snags’”’ in many 
tight bundles awaiting monographic study. And if I have laid no 
stress on the abundance of insect pests which Newfoundland shares 
with Gaspé, Anticosti, Labrador and New Jersey, it is because we 
soon grew accustomed to our veils and canopies and took them as 
mere incidents in a thoroughly absorbing summer. 
Part II. Tue GroGrapHic OrIGIN OF THE FLORA OF 
NEWFOUNDLAND. 
There are many comparisons which it would be interesting to make: 
of the flora of the west coast, for example, with that of the east as 
shown by the collections of Waghorne, Robinson and Schrenk, Howe 
and Lang, Sornborger, and others, but we still know too little of the 
detailed distribution to undertake such generalizations with assurance. 
Certain facts of wider scope, however, are so obvious as to challenge 
immediate explanation.’ As’ we have seen, the boreal and even the 
arctic floras are abundantly represented in Newfoundland; and, 
especially in the sandy areas or.in the bogs on the Carboniferous sand- 
stones the plants of southern New England, Long Island, New Jersey, 
and even of the more southern Coastal Plain are abundant,— such 
species as Panicum implicatum, Ammophila arenaria (found also on 
the sand dunes west of Blanc Sablon), Scirpus subterminalis, Carex 
silicea, C. hormathodes, C. sterilis (atlantica), C. trisperma, var. Bil- 
lingsii, Eriocaulon septangulare, Juncus pelocarpus, Habenaria blephari- 
glottis, Spergularia rubra, Arenaria peploides, var. robusta,’ Pyrus 
arbutifolia, var. atropurpurea, Corema Conradii, Elatine americana, 
Hudsonia ericoides, M yriophyllum tenellum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, 
Gaylussacia dumosa, var. Bigeloviana, Utricularia clandestina, Solidago 
uniligulata, Aster radula and A. nemoralis; while there and even on the 
ghest mountain-tablelands Schizaeca pusilla, Potamogeton Oakesi- 
1 See Ruopora, xi. 114 (1909). 
