1911] Fernald,— Expedition to Newfoundland 129 
puzzled to know where to begin, for we had only the one day for 
exploring this vast area, with bare unforested alpine barrens stretching 
some miles to the east and farther to the north, while beyond we 
could see the higher bare-topped tablelands of the Lewis Hills, serpen- 
tine, diorite, limestone, and trap, which at their highest points attain 
an altitude of 2700 feet (800 meters). There was no time to lose, 
for everywhere about us were most of the species we had first met 
and had then considered to be rarities on the Marble Mountain, 
Cow Head, Ingornachoix Bay, or the terraces of Blanc Sablon and 
Forteau. The western margin of the tableland is mostly dry and 
shingly (plate 87, fig. 4), but farther back becomes boggy, with small 
pools and wet runs. On the drier portions of the first low dome of 
the mountain which we explored the commonest species were Salix 
vestita which is apparently common on all the limestones of western 
Newfoundland; Lesquerella arctica, var. Purshii, here in great pro- 
fusion; Tofieldia palustris; a number of strange Euphrasias; Carex 
pedata Wahlenb., a tiny species heretofore unknown south of Green- 
land and arctic Alaska; Carex rupestris All., probably commoner than 
is supposed, for it abounds on dry limestones of Gaspé as well; Dryas 
integrifolia and a variety with the leaves white-pubescent above 
(var. canescens Simons, previously known only from Ellesmere Land); 
Antennaria alpina, var. cana; and the more generally distributed 
Saxifrages and Arenarias, Anemone parviflora, Thalictrum alpinum, 
etc. The wetter part of this dome was quite boggy, and in the 
humus and moss we found a few of the ordinary bog plants, which 
did not venture upon the open limestone gravel. 
The drier surface of the second dome visited lacked the Lesquerella, 
Carex pedata, and several other plants which had abounded on the 
farther side of a narrow wooded sag, but here was a strange Antennaria 
in great profusion — the remarkable plant subsequently described 
as A. eucosma,! and as yet known only from this mountain and Anti- 
costi Island, and here were many other plants we had not seen on 
the first dome: Woodsia glabella in the full glare of the alpine light 
(I had never before seen it except in humus at the crests of woodlan 
cliffs); Hedysarum alpinum, Oxytropis campestris, var. caerulea, 
otentilla fruticosa, var. tenuifolia Lehm. forming little prostrate 
mats upon the rock; and other plants as yet not worked out. Ina 
1 Fernald & Wiegand, Ruopora, xiii. 23 (911). 
