1911] Fernald,— Expedition to Newfoundland 123 
sand-blows were Luzula spicata and a viviparous form of Festuca 
ovina L., var. supina (Schur.) Hack., subvar. pubiflora Hack., and 
here were the common plants of the granitic barrens of N ewfoundland, 
Gaspé, or northern New England: the Whortleberry (Vaccinium 
uliginosum) the Bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina), the Curlew-berry 
(Empetrum nigrum) both the typical black-fruited plant and the var. 
purpureum with bright coral-red berries, Baked Apple (Rubus Cham- 
aemorus), Dewberry or Plumboy (Rubus arcticus), Partridge-berry or 
Red Berry (Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, var. minus) and Loiseleuria, Dia- 
pensia, Betula glandulosa, Salix Uva-ursi, ete. The bogs were every- 
where brilliant with Cotton Grasses, Eriophorum angustifolium, gracile, 
tenellum and callitrix, but handsomest of all the splendid bronze- 
topped E. Chamissonis, and, its known range now extended across 
from Newfoundland, the recently described E. callitrix, var. erubes- 
cens Fernald. Coming now to the head of a cove the trail passed 
back of the Strand Wheat, with here and there a colony of the crimson 
Rumex occidentalis or of some perplexing Epilobium, clumps of the 
handsome sunflower-like Senecio Pseudo-Arnica, the splendid whitish- 
green grass, Poa eminens, and the bronze-purple Calamagrostis lap- 
ponica (Wahlenb.) Hartm., like C. neglecta with very long spikelets, 
and soon reached the foot of the limy terraces. 
Immediately the vegatation changed. The brooks tumbling and 
interlacing every few rods along the slopes from the summit-tableland 
were bordered by a luxuriant thicket of coarse herbs and low shrubs 
which, in early August, made as rich an alpestrine meadow as one 
could well imagine. Here was a tangle as high as one’s head, with 
Salix candida, S. vestita Pursh, S. Pseudo-myrsinites Anderss., and 
several variations of S. cordifolia Pursh, strange Goldenrods and 
Asters, Angelica atropurpurea, Heracleum lanatum, and a strange 
villous Urtica composing the taller thicket. In making my way 
up the course of one of these brooks to the crest I encountered more 
than 175 species of vascular plants, surely a good number for one 
day’s collecting on a Labrador meadow and one difficult to match 
in our more amiable climates. The brook-margins and moss-bordered 
rills were everywhere brilliant with Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) 
still in bloom, with white masses of Arabis alpina L., looking almost 
exactly like our garden species, the Old World A. albida, golden spires 
of the boreal Yellow Rocket (Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.') and blue 
1 See Ruopora, xi. 140 (1909). _ 
