BLAKE.— ENCELIA AND RELATED GENERA. 347 
misplaced, and several species of Verbesina have been described under 
Encelia. 
Encelia Adanson® was based on “ Cotula marit. Peruana,” cultivated 
in the Jardin de Roi at Paris, which is Encelia canescens Lam.,’ an 
alternate-leaved perennial with epappose achenes villous on the edges 
and narrowly white-margined. In 1789 L’Héritier® redescribed the 
plant as Pallasia halimifolia, a new genus, quoting as a synonym 
Coreopsis limensis Jacq.,? but not referring to Adanson’s genus. 
The species was again described and figured by Cavanilles?® in 1791, 
Lamarck being correctly accredited with the authorship of the species, 
which has nevertheless since been universally attributed to Cavanilles. 
In 1807 Persoon | described the genus Simsia, basing it upon three 
species published by Cavanilles under Coreopsis, of which one, S. ? 
heterophylla, has since become the type of Jostephane Benth., while 
the others, both reducible to the species long known as Simsia auri- 
culata DC. or Encelia mexicana Mart., have always been retained in 
Simsia — characterized mainly by the biaristate not villous-edged 
achene — until that genus was merged with Encelia in 1873. 
oth genera were recognized by De Candolle in his Prodromus in 
1836, Encelia with four species and Simsia with eight, several a it 
being here first published, and the new genus ri to nus aw 
described, based upon Hopkirkia fruticulosa Spreng.,'? a species not 
since identified but certainly a Simsia. 
n a communication by Gray to the American Academy, apparently 
first published !* in 1847, two new genera of this group were proposed, 
Barrattia Gray & Engelmann for a species closely allied to Simsia 
but with epappose achenes, and Geraca Torr. & Gray for an annual 
with narrowly cuneate villous achenes having well developed margin 
and crown and two strong awns. Two years later both genera were 
reduced to Simsia by Dr. Gray.!5 In Bentham’s treatment twenty- 
four years later in his Genera Plantarum !® they were recognized as 
sections of Encelia, to which Simsia was here also for the first time 
definitely subordinated. Dr. Gray, in a paper of 1883 7 and in the 
Synoptical Flora, carried the reduction a step further by including 
A hey ii. i Agta ye: 7 Eneycl. Meth. ii. 356 (1786). 
Kew. iii. 498 (1789). 
Scar ii. 299 (1788 ), ok indus ili. t. 594 (1786-1793). 
10 Icon, i. ap . 61 (1791 2 . Syn. ii. 478 (1807). 
12 pe 76 (1836). 3 Sys. iii. 444 (1826). 
14 Am bn Be cl. ser. 2. iii. 274-5 (Mar. 1847). 15 PL. Fe Fendi. 85 (1849). 
~ Seas Pl i ii. — bb ab! 
17 Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7-9 (1883). 
