Chap. XI. DURING THE GLACIAL PERIOD. 375 



ing to genera characteristic of the Cordillera. On the 

 mountains of Abyssinia, several European forms and 

 some few representatives of the peculiar flora of the 

 Cape of Good Hope occur. At the Cape of Good Hope 

 a very few European species, believed not to have been 

 introduced by man, and on the mountains, some few 

 representative European forms are found, which have 

 not been discovered in the intertropical parts of Africa. 

 On the Himalaya, and on the isolated moimtain-ranges 

 of the peninsula of India, on the heights of Ceylon, and 

 on the volcanic cones of Java, many plants occur, either 

 identically the same or representing each other, and at 

 the same time representing plants of Europe, not found 

 in the intervening hot lowlands. A list of the genera 

 collected on the loftier peaks of Java raises a picture 

 of a collection made on a hill in Europe ! Still more 

 striking is the fact that southern Australian forms are 

 clearly represented by plants growing on the summits 

 of the mountains of Borneo. Some of these Australian 

 forms, as I hear from Dr. Hooker, extend along the 

 heights of the peninsula of Malacca, and are thinly 

 scattered, on the one hand over India and on the other 

 as far north as Japan. 



On the southern mountains of Australia, Dr. F. 

 Miiller has discovered several European species ; other 

 species, not introduced by man, occur on the lowlands ; 

 and a long list can be given, as I am informed by Dr. 

 Hooker, of European genera, found in Australia, but 

 not in the intermediate torrid regions. In the admir- 

 able 'Introduction to the Flora of New Zealand,' by 

 Dr. Hooker, analogous and striking facts are given in 

 regard to the plants of that large island. Hence we see 

 that throughout the world, the plants growing on the 

 more lofty mountains, and on the temperate lowlands 

 of the northern and southern hemispheres, are sometimes 



