4 Original Articles. [Jan., 



Every year, since the publication of the Sixth Eeport, a ' Direc- 

 tory ' containing revised regulations has been issued by the Science 

 and Art Department, and in that of 1860 (the minute of 1859 not 

 having as yet produced the desired effect), the questions of certificate 

 money, Queen's prizes, and all other matters of a similar character, 

 were allowed to remain unchanged ; early in 1861, however, appeared 

 Captain Donelly's lecture, in which the Department of Science and 

 Art was declared to be " now the constituted machinery for giving 

 State aid to certain branches of instruction ; " but a gentle hint was 

 given to those whom it might concern, that whilst the Government 

 would grant such aid with as little interference as possible, yet it 

 might hereafter reduce or eventually withdraw the stipends of teachers. 

 This announcement was accompanied by appeals to the patriotism and 

 amour propre of committees to make the movement self-supporting, 

 so that it might require less and less " cockering up by State aid." 



The fact is, that a contest for the loaves and fishes had begun 

 between the Science and Art Department and the Education Depart- 

 ment of Whitehall, the latter being represented by Mr. Lingen, who, 

 jealous of what appeared to be the preference shown to Science 

 instructors, after the screw had been adjusted all over the country in 

 National schools, showed his appreciation of high mental acquire- 

 ments, by manifesting a desire to see Masters of Arts of Oxford and 

 M.D.'s of London, who might be engaged at the invitation of Govern- 

 ment in teaching Natural Science to artisans for 20Z. or 40Z. per 

 annum, placed on the same footing with village instructors in spelling 

 and the first rules of arithmetic. 



In fact, these gentlemen must no longer be paid according to the 

 rank of their attainments, but, as in the other case, " upon results." 

 We shall see presently how far that system (the system of results) was 

 adhered to ; but meanwhile we must mention, that the Department of 

 Science and Art was powerless to resist the encroachment, and, 

 although it consoled itself with having gained the questionable advan- 

 tage previously denied to it, of granting aid to certificated teachers in 

 elementary schools, who felt disposed to give their services as Science 

 teachers, we find in a second revised ' Directory ' issued in 1862 (for 

 there were two ' Directories ' published in that year), that all the pre- 

 vious conditions upon which the teachers had been engaged were 

 annulled, and their payments were to be regulated solely by the 

 number and proficiency of passed students. 



Thus, it mattered not whether the teacher was a lecturer of high 

 scientific attainments to whom a " diploma,"* or a first grade certificate, 

 had been granted, or whether he was a teacher in a village school who 

 had managed to obtain a certificate of the lowest grade. 



When we have followed the history of the movement a little fur- 

 ther, we shall find, that if we were at first disposed to accredit the 

 Government with the sole desire to benefit the " industrial classes " by 

 this change, such an opinion will be untenable, for these have been 

 treated with the same parsimony as their teachers. 



* In a few cases diplomas were granted to men of well-known attainments, 

 without examination. 



