ISG5.] Chemical Analysis. 171 



species from Australia. " The Acraeidse frequent the open parts of 

 woods, and even the more shaded parts, where only here and there a 

 ray of sunshine that has stolen through the dense foliage of the trees 

 plays on the scanty undergrowth of low shrubs or herbage. Their 

 flight is rather slow and feeble." 



The fifth family, Nymphalidse, contains a large proportion of the 

 butterflies with which we are most familiar. Mr. Trimen describes 

 thirty-four species as natives of South Africa. This number exceeds 

 by four that of the representatives of the same family in Britain ; one 

 species, P. Cardui, being common to both countries, and, in fact, to 

 almost every temperate or tropical part of the world. The writer 

 recollects having had an eager but somewhat circumscribed chase after 

 this insect on the apex of the Great Pyramid. 



It is not too much to say, that the scientific entomologist will find 

 the present volume, in its typography and general arrangement, 

 executed on the most approved model for works of this kind ; and 

 that the amateur who collects the splendid butterflies of South Africa 

 will admit that a new zest has been imparted to his work, by a ready 

 access to rich and varied stores of information. 



CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.* 



In noticing a work on Chemical Analysis, it might not be without 

 interest to the general reader if we could give, in untechnical language, 

 a general outline of the method pursued in this most interesting 

 branch of study. But the difficulties in the way of this appear to us 

 insuperable. 



Chemistry has been defined as the science which teaches us the 

 properties of elementary substances, and of their mutual combinations. 

 Chemical Analysis is the art — founded upon a knowledge of these 

 properties — of separating these substances one from another in mix- 

 tures and combinations, and determining the exact amount of each 

 present. 



We are to-day acquainted with sixty-four elementary forms of 

 matter, or, at all events, substances which no means now at our dis- 

 posal will enable us to resolve into simpler forms. The mutual com- 

 binations of these elements are infinite in number. 



Of the elements a few are gaseous, two are liquid, and the rest are 

 solids, mostly belonging to that class of bodies which are termed 

 metals. Presenting many resemblances which allow us to class 

 together several substances in various groups, according to many re- 

 lations ; each one, nevertheless, has a distinct individuality, and pos- 

 sesses characteristics which permit us either to fix it in some definite 

 compound, or to isolate it altogether, and thus determine the exact 

 proportion present in whatever combination it may exist. 



* 'A Manual of Chemical Analysis, Qualitative and Quantitative. For the 

 use of Students. Part I. Qualitative. Part II. Quantitative.' Bv Henry M. Noad, 

 Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. London : Lovell Reeve & Co., J8r,4. 



