576 Original Articles. [Oct., 



which his victim was riding, as well as to have escaped from it, along 

 the footboards. The following, also related by the Baron de Janze, 

 is, on the other hand, a singular instance of the advantage of being 

 able to use the footboards in the absence of a better means of cir- 

 culation : — " II y a quelques jours (16 aout, 1863), au moment ou le 

 train-poste, arrive a, Evreux a 11 heures du soir, allait repartir, un 

 individu d'assez mauvaise tournure etait monte dans un compartiment 

 de premiere classe ou se trouvait une jeune dame avec un autre 

 voyageur. Le train venait a peine de se remettre en marche, lorsque 

 l'intrus, s'approchant de la dame, voulut se porter sur elle a des actes 

 de violence, malgre l'intervention du tiers, temoin de cette scene et 

 trop faible pour l'empecher d'accomplir son odieux dessein. 



" Fort heureusement, les cris pousses par la victime de cette 

 odieuse tentative, et par son defenseur, furent entendus des voyageurs 

 qui se trouvaient dans le wagon voisin. Le sieur Eoussel ouvrit la 

 portiere, et vint, en longeant les marchepieds, jusqu'au compartiment 

 ou la dame, presque a bout de forces, luttait contre son agresseur. Y 

 penetrant aussitot, ce liberateur, qui parait doue d'une energie et 

 d'une force peu communes, parvint, non sans peine, a, terrasser le 

 quidam, cause de ce scandale. Aide du monsieur et de la dame, il lui 

 attacha les pieds et les mains avec des mouchoirs, et c'est dans cet 

 etat que le coupable a ete amene a Conches et remis entre les mains 

 de la gendarmerie." 



These instances of the dangers of isolation, must, however, suffice, 

 and we will next proceed to consider how they can best be avoided. 



In America they do not exist, simply because there is free cir- 

 culation through all the carriages of a train. Publicity and the 

 means of escape are thus both afforded as safeguards against offence, 

 and a cord running under the roof throughout each train, provides a 

 ready means of giving warning to the engine-driver in case of 

 accident. 



In Switzerland and parts of Germany, the same system of cir- 

 culation through the carriages is in force, and without some of the 

 disadvantages experienced in America, inasmuch as the carriages are 

 separated into compartments of different classes, and the doors 

 between them will open freely, for instance, from the 1st to the 2nd, 

 but not without a key from the 2nd to the 1st class. The conducteur 

 is thus in frequent communication with the passengers, he sees their 

 tickets while the train is in progress, and he has the in all, as it were, 

 under his eye. 



In Belgium generally, and in France partially, as any one may see 

 who travels to Paris by the Chemin-de-fer du Nord, the want of 

 internal, has led to the adoption of external circulation, though not 

 without risk and loss of life. It was calculated in 1860, that one 

 controleur lost his life every year in Belgium by accident in per- 

 ambulating the footsteps, besides those who were injured ; and as 

 there are ten times as many miles now open in this country as were 

 at that time open in Belgium, we should probably, if we attempted to 

 carry out the same system, lose ten guards a year killed, and others 

 injured. 



