660 Chronicles of Science* [Oct., 



landers from the interior of Russian Lapland betake themselves to 

 the shores of the White Sea for fishing. From this they derive their 

 chief means of subsistence. They do not drink the milk of the rein- 

 deer, nor do they make cheese from it, as is the case in Finland and 

 Swedish Lapland. The inhabitants of the more western parts of 

 East Lapland (who are called Kiwi-Lappalaiset, or stony Laps) do 

 not betake themselves to the sea during summer, but remain beside 

 their lakes and rivers. They are poorer than the others. The 

 Russians inhabiting the southern coast have the reindeer as well as 

 cows and sheep. The Lap is fond of tobacco, while the Russians of 

 the old faith (Staroverts) consider it a sin to use this drug, and never 

 smoke it. Both nations are fond of ardent spirits. In a single 

 village, consisting of sixteen families, 1,000 vtedro (about 2,860 

 gallons) of brandy are annually consumed. 



The party did most in the way of collecting plants at Ponoi. 

 Leaving it they journeyed slowly along the northern coast of the 

 peninsula of Lapland and reached Kola. They then proceeded to 

 Paanajcervi, on the frontier of Finland, and returned to Helsingfors, 

 after having traversed 700 leagues. From Keret to Kola around the 

 Peninsula of Lapland is 225 leagues. Among the plants collected at 

 Kola and near Swaetoi-nos (promontorium sanctum) the following may 

 be noticed, Astragalus oroboides, Zannichellia polycarpa, Pedicularis 

 verticillata, Atriplex patida var. hololepis. 



M. Fellman remarked that Zostera marina was found all along the 

 western shores of the White Sea. In Eastern Lapland the only Alder 

 which was seen was Alnus pubescens ; it disappeared to the north of 

 Ponoi, and was again seen near the fjord of Kola. The same was the 

 case with the Spruce, which appears to be Pinus Abies var. medioxina 

 of Nylander, or obovata of Ruprecht. The typical form of Pinus 

 Abies occurs between Kantalaks and Kuusamo. Along the coast 

 Betula tortuosa grows, and in the interior of the peninsula, near Kola, 

 JBetula alba. Among species new to Eastern Lapland, the following 

 are enumerated : — Veronica officinalis, V. Chamcedrys, Littorella lacus- 

 tris, Subularia aquatica, Brassica campestris, Paphanus Raphanistrum, 

 Callitriche autumnalis, and Hippuris maritima. 



Among ferns collected we may notice — Asplenium crenaium, Fr. ; 

 Potrychium lanceolatum, Rupr. ; P. matricarioides, Willd. No Isoetes 

 nor Chara was found by the party in the peninsula of Lapland. In 

 the lakes of Susijeervi and Ruanjgervi (lat. 67°) they found Isoetes 

 echinospora, Dr. They noticed a singular deficiency in species of 

 Lichens. One cause of this may be the absence of forests. Near 

 Ponoi the following Lichens were gathered : — Siphula ceratites, Whlnb.; 

 Thamnolia vermicularis, Ach. ; Paiomyces placophyllus, Ach. ; Alectoria 

 ochroleuca and A. nigricans, Ach. ; Nephroma expallidum, Nyl. ; Pelti- 

 gera polydactyla, Hoffin. ; Sticta linita, Ach. ; Parmelia sulcata, Tayl. ; 

 P. saxatilis, P. physodes, and P. prolixa, Ach.; Pannaria nigra, Squam- 

 maria gelida, Lecidea arctica, Sommf.; L. stenotera, Nyl. 



In speaking of the Russian Laps, called Murmanski, who live by 

 fishing, M. Fellman statute they use certain magical arts in order to 

 take the fish and to render them more abundant. An clement of great 



