FOR 
of an object is called a forefhortened view ; and the repre- 
fentation, es refhortening it. 
Without a previous “knowledge of the forms of bodies, 
0 fo hes ing, however well “wrought, would produce 
the full week defired. this, the world in Sar are 
not wanes and when a aioe isn view 0 
the i that the foans of natural objeéts were at ies —_ 
when eee completely t o be underftood. He on- 
vinced, only by being decide the dene fa flick 
which ‘he had not ae feen, and which was then held 
before him; this he was unable 
with the = nearly-dire&t 
to do, and of courfe confirmed the opinion he had op- 
pofed. 
Forefhortening conftitutes the difficulty of defigning or 
drawing. he forms of bodies, wherein lines are prefented 
dire&t before the uate as in {quare-fided ones feen im- 
mediately in front, are very eafily imitated : but when thofe 
compoled of i intricate lines are pases into oblique pofitions, 
where every line varies in appearance from its real fhape, yet 
the whole together gives the juft ne of the body ; then is 
the fkill of ped great artilt required to reprefent- it faith- 
fully ; and none but the moft cultivated talent is equal 
to the tafk, 
In the forefhortening of vet ak fided objects, the rules of 
perfective, when aided by light and fhade, will tully produce 
the Cao and indeed the recolletion of them i is at all times 
fef 
imitation: but 
the variation of ae oleae and efpecially if com- 
_pofed of many parts, o@ numerous and complicated te 
be fubmitted to the Fgolaton of that es ig ; hay ae path 
the eye alone, muft then be the guides; asi 
limbs of the human enue. he are = conan prefenting 
age sa forefhortened v 
an 
The mere ae of the trun 
their rounding is in fa& a forefhor ening, in the moft direét 
lic e 
e ret e eye amuch {maller {pace 
(owing to the a aie oF the view) than they would do if 
een dire€tly in fro 
he variations ser take place inthe forms of bodies, as ape 
are more or efs forethortened, a1 are per rfe étly aftonifhing t 
h e engthened 
Canvasy. 
But ee grace or beauty is required in drawings or 
paintings of the human figure, thefe forefhorteniags fhould. 
FOR 
Ape. 
om this it is evident that the rules of a aa are but: 
partially ufeful in Sate and therefore in rawin 
{ure i in chek kinds of effees, 
ough this peculiar part of theart of drawing be confta a 
ly required by the painter more or lefs in all his works, 
has been not principally exercifed 1 a thofe who have aa 
employed in painting cielings or domes; where the inten- 
tion has frequently been, to make ihe whole of the objects: 
of the picture forefhortened, or appear, as the Italians term. 
it; /olto in fu (as feen from below). Such is the cafe in great 
meafure in the cieling of the nee aoa room, now the 
at W ae painted by 
the great exemplar of it is the e of sg great 
io at Parma, ed by that divine ma aie reggio ; 
whofe extraordinary talents appear to have ealled hae = 
light in meee: the boldett ane. moft extraordi 
ortenings 0 
a the cielings of the hal chapels,. 
way moft o he Venetian {chool.. It fuited 
the ftyle of that {chool particularly 5. where freedom of ex- 
ecution, and brilliancy of colouring, produced by. ftrong 
contrafts of hues, hme ftrong oppofitions of: light. and fha-. 
dow by. s of forefhortenings. readily brought. 
into the furface of ‘the piture. ahaha it adds greatly 
to the grandeur of a tigure to-h appear as feen a little: 
from below, lowering she | horizon aoe ee means behind the- 
figure ;. but it may be doubted whether that. be owing to 
the lines. produced by the focihonsies. or to the compara 
tively increafed mafs of a againtt the fky.. 
FORE-SHROUDS. 
foc See Prep 
FO 
The Oia a “Her rcynian forefts.are famous in hifs. 
tory. a firft. was a.celebrated retreat of the.ancient. -_ 
