FOR 
tree 
€ grov wth of foreft trees is extremely different accord- 
ing i the kind, foil, climate, expo ofure, and various other 
circumftances 5 ; but, in general, it may be fromone inch to 
two inches in thicknefs in the boles, in the courfe of th 
year. And it is found thar the ge aud {mall trees increafe 
in this refpe@t pretty much in fame proportion where 
they are in equally thriving pate Mortimer lon 
fince, however, found that the ftai oa quality of the foil 
had much influence in a6 bufinefs ; and after flating the 
common increafe in. the oak to be about one inch and a quar- 
lying under it, that dunge 
ao {s than four inches in thicknefs. 
$ 
c fed for increafing their 
wth. The fhrubby under ene in foreits and co oppice S 8, 
Deven confidered as highly beneficial in promoting the 
growth of the trees which they contain. It is robable, 
however, that the warmth caufed by the slofenefe ‘of fuch 
weods yatle in oo os contribute to the a See 
bol NTATIO 
be D 
wk y are intended to ftand for timber, as by f 
means ae roots are deftroyed, and confequen re the natu- 
ral habit of growth in them changed. See TRansPLAnT- 
ANG Timber-trees. 
FORE-STAFF, . rai ufed at fea, for taking 
the altitudes.of heavenly bodie 
The fore-faff, pie alfo crofectaf, takes its denomina- 
t the obferver, in ufing it, turns his face 
objet, in.centradiftin@ion to "the back-ftaff, 
where he turns his back to the objeat 
The fore, or crofs-ftaff, reprefented in Plate I. Navig. 
Fg. 7. confitts of a flraight {quare ftaff, AB, graduated 
>. c v .The 
thefe vanes, F F,.13 called the ten-crofs, or vane, and be 
of the a Reigate the oe 
The 
is called the fixty-crofs, and belongs to w 
divifions ar at-twenty degrees, and ae at-fixty. The laft 
and longeft, C C, called the cnaiye -crofs, belongs to the 
fide nrhereon the divifions begin at thirty degrees and end at 
nine 
"Fone. -sTAFF, ufe of the: The great ufe of this inftru- 
gent is to take the height of the fun and flars, or the dif- 
tance qf two flars; and the ten, thirty, nak ar. ninety: 
FOR 
croffés, are tobe ufed according as the altitudé is greater 
er eller: that is, if the altitude be lefs than ten degrees, 
che ten-crofs is to be ufe 9 ats ten, but lefs than thirty, 
the pean crofs is to be &e. 
e, For altitudes ae than thirty degrees, this in- 
ftrument i is not fo convenient as a quadrant or feini-circle, 
RE FF, to obferve an attitude by the. Apply the 
flat end es the ftaff to your eye, and cen at the upper end 
of the crofs for the centre of the fun r ff: id at th 
lower end for the peace 
the horizon, flide 
thus continue = till you 
xa@ly the fun or yee centre by the top of thecrofs, and 
this dla by the bottom thereof. 
the degrees and minutes, cut at by the ifmer edye of 
the ae upon the flide of the itaff, peculiar to the crofs yori 
ufe, give the altitude of the fun or itar. 
it be the meridian altitude you want, continue you 
obfervation as long as you find the altitude increafe, Rill 
moving the crofs nearer to the eye. 
By fubtraGting the meridian altitude thus ae from 
ninety degrees, you will have the zenith diftan 
‘To work accurately, an allowance muft be fat for the 
ae of the eye above the furface of the fea, viz. for 
Englifh foot, 1 minute; for five hears 223 ‘or 
ca feet, 34; for twenty feet, 5; for forty fee ts ” BC. 
Thefe aeantee. fubtracted from ie altitude pee ed, and 
added to the zenith diftance obferved, give the true Auge 
and zenith diftances 
Fore-staFF. To obferve the difance of tao flars, or the 
moon’s di coments ply the in- 
rumen ends ef the crofs, 
move it | nearer or farther from the eye, till you fee the two 
ftars ; the one on the one end, and the other on the other 
end of the crofs ; then the degrees and minutes cut by the 
crofs on the fide proper to the vane in ufe, give the ftar*s* 
= 
AGE, Fore ESTAGIUM, in our Aa Cuf- 
toms, an rian duty or fervice, pa y the foréfter to 
the kin In Brittany, Lobineau rapa the office df 
forefters was held by gentlemen of the firft rank, who for 
their foreftage were obliged to pare a lord, when he 
kept open houfe, with cups and {poo 
Foresrace alfo feems to have been vifled for a duty pay- 
able to the king’s forefters, «Ei fint quiets nd thelonio, et 
paflagio, et de foreflagio, &c.’? Chai 
It may likewife be taken - a ae to i the foreft, 
or a taking of reafonable eftove 
_FO 
gee » or Forstaty in Dom elday wrote Fo- 
wo of the Saxon tore, before, and fel 
flation. aws of Henry I - es nfe of the wo rd is 
thus phil: cf «foreftal ett, fi qui 
vel in viam expectet, et affaliet Inimicum ies 
FORESTALLER, a perfon who buys up or oreeila 
the market of any article of prime neceffity ; and whe 
Ba them on the the road to it. 
RESTAL LING, 
u ty 
re-fell them in the fame places to a highe er pro 
intercepting or procuring them as they come fiom beyond 
the feas or, otherwife, towards any. city, port, haven, or ae 
H 2 
