hciiinla aeeiachan 
fended led a finall foree, againft the attacks of a more nu- 
merous 
Some authors go back to the beginning of the world 
for the author and origin of military architeCture. a 
ing to them, God aera was hese firft engineer ; and 
dife, or the garden of Eden, the firft fortrefs. 
eo ae on pe hint, j in  bulling the firft city, Gen. iv 
After him came Nimrod, Ge Then Semiramis, 
as Pain relates, Sea ib. vill. cap. 27, 
Canaanites, Xi. o Deut. i, 28. David, 
Sam 2 Chro 4. Rehoboam his fon, 
2 Chron. xi. 5. and ve ae ions of Judah and Ifrael; 
and at oF the Greeks and Romans. Vitruvius, lib. x. 
eap. ult. and cap. §. 
uch is the feries of thofe who fortified places ; to which 
added Pharaoh, the perfecutor of the be 
Raamfes od.i 
Gain 
~ 
‘~ 
xs 
oO 
ae be 
who built the cities of Pithom and 8s, Ex 
n thofe Raa times, when “the property of individuals 
was ee valuable, or owing to the le progrefs made 
by mankind in the arts of defpoliation, the only fences in 
ufe were fuch as fufficed to prevent the depre enema of wild 
beafts, and to prevent cattle from ftraying a the fe 
fcattered patches of cultivation, or into thofe a 
wilderneffes then unfubdued by the eae man, 
length the pleafures of foci iety, adde the ecefioval 
neceffity for bartering with, or feeking the aid of 
bours, led mankind ito clofer compact, and ultimately to 
approximate fo near as their feveral te at s or views might 
allow ; and thus in time little hamlets an hia Se chequered 
the more open fcites; thefe, a again, accun aed 2 as. to 
opertys sts to excite among ane re law- 
le em of event cattle, on a &e. 
they might by their indultry and frugality have ed. 
Hence arole thati imperious fark which unfortunately 
In times of yore, the oe was ae 
and the fate of both was foon decided. 
Now we fight for kingdoms, while an invsterat hatred and 
jealoufly are handed down from one generation to another 
like an heir- loom, founded on fome ee caie ation, or 
claim, i the people at large are 
for 
far from decreafing. 
between rival towns, 
for 
could not fai 
faction, and — in caufe 
of fome Mrawtible ne nder 6 anlieee and 
daring adventurer. But it v was ace to ba ae ed t 
means of refiftance would be extended beyon 
means of attack ; therefore thofe 
rim the ‘ catepulta, dag oe ram; &c. 
were oppofed b as maftes of ftone. ‘The engineer con- 
fined himfelf to very {mall pro ‘edtions, we ae we aré 
corre@ly informed, in the firft Goianee imipended over certain 
eee 
hefe were gradua ented bot 
and in depth, until they became ahiea are now called round: 
baftions. 
It does not appear that any important change took place 
for m many pai hss indeed, until fome time aaa the 
invention of gun-powder, when battering cannon for 
art of the affailants? means, and fpeedily S inced how | little 
fies could be placed on thofe walls, which had formerly 
ed the powers of the feveral engines then in ufe ; nor was 
it pce iron fhots were fabititut ed for thofe of ftone, Coe ine 
efficiency of artillery was pro anes underftood. 
eftablifhed, the whole fyftem of defeuce was see ed 
+ fi’. of ti ff. +3. 
ma tl & - 
gines ed now ues introduced as the ordinary means 
ack. The {wo cos peat the lance, dart, javelin, 
fling, bow and &c. their Sac and, 
dwindling into eisai on rahe great fca - w 
erved for Bs leet eae: or for the minor purpofes of 
defulto ecame md aencnls, ce the 
emma tanta “~hould be. ftren eae and to ee 
uch ftupendous bulwarks as ae oO 
asd devifed ees ‘8, eed at the fam ne aes fu; pore fic 
ar 
By the exterior addition ¢ of deep fechiea 
eon great difficulty and delay were Oppele the be- 
fiegers ; while flanks, cavaliers, and cfpecially on were 
ad . a the more effeétual accomplifhment: of their. de 
itru 
The w ae ‘outline was thus marked out, But it remained 
for the moderns to bring the fyftem to perfeGion ; ; for w 
a that although the fortificatious of the 
tury difplay obvious improvements ‘upon the anc 
ftructioa, the grand re were Wet underitood, vand 
that the minutiz of this mport 
until within a very. few ae ars ee y 
ective. en di aba ee by at Bex earine which 
upheld the e of engineers then confidered fkilful, at - 
length acta. in part a defeéts of. the old fchool, and 
led the way to that exaétnefs of proportion, and to that 
fy tematic arrangement, which characterize the works of 
our time. 
- We are not to conclude that this. {cience is confined 
merely to drawing out fuc ch defences as fhou u 
8, and aan ene. 
as to coerce the befiegers to evacuate their trenches ; the ims 
menfe armies now conftant y ee into the field, and the 
heav trains of artillery by which th 
grea rl te ae “a 1Cé 
Without all thefe Goadiiee t ce ne {c: ay. 
fall into spa pei ; for, however-valuable.a Ree so ac sana 
ance with t e theory may appear, ae the ey ‘planning 
n the clofet, and the laying dow e plain fuch. 
thee of defence as may appear, in ch a oe totally 
incapable of > fo. far as may relate to mutual fipport; 
ae ei great work: of procraftination, will be of no ae 
‘other sage which ae ‘whlly on judgmen 
oa oe erience be v whole be. be ter 
abortive, and Sete eee. cacy fon a want of 
Pee erieds | in point of locality. 
iod, in which the modern practice of military ate 
chite fie may uppofed to have taken its rife, .was that 
in which the ld circular towers were he anne into. 
baftions, about the year 15co. Se ONS. 
The firft anthors who have ying = Paces ont: 
dered 
ee 
= 
as a ae pal he e Latreille, a a 
Marchi, Pafino, Ram | Catan = ae Speckle, who, a 
Mr. Robin s fays, was one of the grea ateft geniufes that ia 
He was architect of the city of Straf-. 
ublithed a treatife 
the ee of 
ance 5 
173 
Aiter them Errard, engineer to Henry 
