FOS 
Baas _ . . om 14 to ae feet wide, and isl nine or 
: the cu- 
an admir- 
able preferve for large quantities of fi the $3 se being un- 
j ious ade are not fubject to be 
poached, The sere is likewife a great check upon 
thofe who may be difpofed to defert, and ferves as a formi- 
da Peer iesala ie {muggling of fpirits, &c. into the 
body the fortrefs, 
t muft be ee that a wet ditch muft prefent nume- 
rous obtaces inthe way of the Sag eae who cannot al- 
peng in the e rvert-way. ae onthe other hand, the 
difficulty of raising the communication between the 
body of the place and the outworks uring a fiege, when 
the b:idges are or dinarily ac damaged, and perhaps ren- 
dered vutlervicedey is ayreat drawback on this kind of de 
fence. The embarraffnents to which fuch a circumflance as 
e ridge may 
equire any detai vile 
fiderable convenience to the garrifon, not only in the o 
nary way of communication, Dut it enables lar, ze eed . 
to pafs freely, - with far lefs expofure than on 
bridge, to and fro ; ata mete may sane is sa with 
promptnefs and es Should the enemy p em- 
felves of a raveline, the det adee wk efcape ae ane ditch 
by means of {mall efcaliers of mafoury, commonly called 
de fourés, and take fhelter in whe tenaille, if there be 
one ; other ee they may retire into the flanks of the oats 
by means of efcaliers concealed behind the oril 
wet — no fearon works can be conta 1 whereas, 
in uch retrenchments, or even redoubts, may he 
not = give the ae alae eas, 
to diflod er what 
in vel of ihe pea? » it is equally 
o to obtain any radequa te fea of w Be ae sau foe 
es fituations, it may often be in ae powe 
my to — off the water. Where a very ample ae of water 
can be retained above the ordinary level of ae country, and 
i “forovnding Res edi a us to efences may 
ery lov nay be fom See aus to let off the 
ne hrddenly, hehe to ae a none fuch as muft give 
the befiegers infinite trouble. 
Foss, Advance. oo — ANCE. 
aa an. ee 
Fos ay, 18 one of aie fe celebrated great roads, 
that pene et this ifland at a very early period of its hiftor ry; 
veftiges of which are traceable in various diltriGs ; while, in 
others, they have been obliterated by the progre!s of cult. 
or the ng with the 
ane tepsee gees that 
Er reets, as they have been ufually termed, extended from 
Ys form a very inadequate ae for pur- 
fuing their cour ee ith defited eect: while the de- 
ive hand of time, and the labours of eee by 
XY. 
‘titled reste eee in the Cotton 
FOS 
- 
daily diminifhing their reniains, render the is of afer. 
pai the bearing prog Kana ore difficul The four 
reat roads were t ermine or Ermine feck the Ick. 
ed or Ricknild ‘ftreet; the Watling lively @ nd 
way. Betides thefe, pie were two other great » but 
of lefs éxtent, viz. the Via Levana and ee Julia Steata ; 
i connective communications, de. 
o 
oO 
o 
Ps 
@ 
a % 
3 oa 
o 
a 
9 
Pe 
~~ 
d di 
tween which formed the rele of the curious ore 
work, the Itinerary of Antonin 
As.xo whom thefe early gr a national improvements are 
ce ibutable, no doubt can for, 
oO 
=| 
o 
io 
~ 
ct 
os 
= 
a 
oO 
Gu; 
. 
ia 
duces them as t of Belinus, the fon of Molmutius 5 ; 
at 
ada deep, a ufe 
durable materials aa they became per ah fold buildings, 
and fo compact that they ae not have been more firm 
vaulted and arche on made of a alee of the 
Fofs-way, for ia purpofe of ci the m of con- 
ftru€tion, and the kind of materials aes thefe roads, 
afforded the Following refult ; Stones, Shige. hard gravel, 
indurated clay, and various other kinds of earth, m layers, 
ike the ft erva ayer of clay was 
fucceeded by a fubftance of a binding quality, aay a layer 
of flat ttones, next chalk, over which was laid rough gravel, 
till the road was raifed fon fix to eight feet in gen and 
the top crowned or coped with ar ridge, gently rifiag from 
the fides to the centre, that the rains oe upon it might 
run off, left by foaking in they might foften the ee 
bodies, and injure the work. “Similar ia danee and plan 
of conftru€tion have teen apparent in the other eu oe 
in places where they have been broken up, to take the ma- 
terials for ad adjacent ae daha ie 
fe 
Thefe muft have been arduous and expenfive eae 
takings, rl a time when the poe was in fuch an un- 
improved ftate, that the very attempt to remove che diffi- 
iftence an venjence. Bu omans, o 
= countries hey conquered, poe the wealth of Tabos 
vatt e they had the and of t 
ae peed a cattle ; while ae elie illo, ete 
em- 
rable 
aa and tranfporting them 
places: a {uch was the eee ie and decided charaCter 
of that people, they oo have brah conftruétive ma- 
terials they might choofe, that their works, as bridges, 
— aqueduéts, fortifications ke. fhould be grand and 
nificent like the mfelve 
it till 
2 
au 
_@ 
A. 
st) 
-J. 
ks, e Brit 
contains oe on of ‘ie 
which, from recent dicoveries and attempts to sean 
their refpective lines and one PgS> _appears rnd 
o 
