FOU 
his public fervices for more than thirty years. He was 
fucceffively Fe ee i the colleges at Huy and 
Tou 
urnay, and died in the r city in 1668; his death 
was ere d bya pile ring which he took by 
attending on the fick the dyi He 1s known as 
an author by many theological ce 3 by * Commentari 
Hiftorici et Morales libros I. and II. Machabeorum, 
additis liberioribus Excurfibus,”’ in a6 vols, folio. Alfo by 
Epifeoporum et Principum 
que ad Ferdinandi 
3 vols. folio. This work, thoug 
not very ably a is oe to throw much light on the 
hiftory of the Low Count Mor 
FOULOU-S SOUSOU,: in Beane. a town of Chinefe 
Tartary, on the Saghalien ; 9 mi niles N, W. of Telden. 
FOULWEATHER, a cape onthe W. coaft of 
pasa N. lat. 44° ye W. long. 124° 7', 
OULWIND, Caps, a ie on the N. NE a of 
avai Patan mics, S. lat: ', W. long. 1 
ART, a name oe in fame ale of Lad and for 
the pole-cat. See Musreza Put 
FOU.MING, in Cay. 
third rank, in ihe province of Cine nan; 15m) 
of Yun- nan. 
FOUND ON, in ArchiteGure, denotes the trenches 
or excavations — in ee earth by eek oe the loofe or 
foft ground, and r ing it to an unifor ture and fi 
tom fo as to ies an » edifice or building v with Coinage 
to prevent fractures after erection. 
The fpecies of ground on ae a building may be 
ftructed are gravel, ee nd cle reise is an excellent oe 
bottom where ther re are no ra s. Sand is alfoa very 
good bottom for houfe. buldings ioe care frauld be taken 
to — the foundation fufficiently deep, and not to 
make any excavation near it, nor below the level of the 
bottom, particularly after the erection “of the edifice ; as 
fand partakes in fome degrct of the ae teed of water, 2 
aan and 
ts own gravity iseven 
ci Sand is altogether for 
arr laeiiie without other pr uaa Aimo e whole 
a y of ee i built u n fa nd ; mot of the 
n of China, of a 
iles N.N.¥ 
B es tu throw ie ene upw ree to the wall. Kis - an 
exc nen bed for a Patios ofa balding, w oe itc e 
ealily obtained, either by being on the furface, or by eae 
to adepth, fo as not to oce safion a very confiderable out- 
lay. It will cabs a a confiderable faving in the 
conftruétion of the buildi 
There are many Gata how: ever, On which there are 
sealer to ere& 
de 
om 
Ore 
=e 
re 
cw 
w 
& 
a 
o 
=f 
&. 
En 
> 
iy 
“t 
= 
fe) 
a 
en 
2 
fe} 
+t 
tye} 
oy: 
re) 
S 
3 
ou 
uprig oht itacderd, and graduated from the centre of motion 
in the maiiner of a iteel-yard, and ancther ftandard or up- 
right piece, with a flat bottom fixed at a aoe nee » from 
the fulerum, w aimee oint where it the 
horizontal lever ; then a conftant we eight being ae 
tot lid to and fro until the upright piece with 
be prefled into ia the divifion on 
weight falls will fhew the comparative de- 
gree of denfity. The depth to oven a foundation ought 
. = dug might be ene by boring, or by an iron 
*"Palladio fays that the foundation ought to be one-fixth 
FOU 
of the height of the edifice; but this affertion is vague, as @ 
building might ‘rett as firmly on the furface of the ground, 
as if excavated to ay depth, see that the foil is alike 
a in saga 
If no 
bac ud can be ie ree then an artificial 
bottom at be conftru&ted of p sand planking. The 
proportion of the piles may be fi 7 that their thicknefs 
may be one-t alah pal ld a length. Their diftances, 
eave tio ee ee 
the breadth of tc laid on 
Tranf{verfe pieces o alled fleepers, are faftened to the 
tops of the ble on are ies for the purpofe, and 
then planked ov 
In fom ger vice the foil is not very bad, two or more 
oho rows of timbers are introduced under the ftone- 
work, and well faftened at angles. ‘This 
— oS mafonr 
Sho 
Pier 
ace fu 
Forced aes is unfit fora foundation fora confiderable 
Founpation is alfo ufed to exprefs the bottom of a 
wall, coniftruéted of greater 
nt parts, r to reft 
and prevent fettlements by its greater breadth eccafioning 
a greater difficulty in penetrating the groun bak 
The foundation generally confifts of one, two, more 
courfes, the fuperior always lefs in breadth aa ihe rican. 
the fu 1perior Sigal jaa the breadth of the infifth 
A with the middle of the courte es, — the midale of the 
regulated as to ‘all vertically over cach oth 
“he illerent breadths, from the bot a Of the atk tot 
bed of the building, exceed each other equally in Rea ton, 
and confequently the projections are alike on. both fides, 
and te each other. Each courfe which forms the foundation 
is alle a footing, and each proje€tion is. called an offset 
or fet-o 
The ve adth of the foundation, it is evident, muft always- 
be proportioned to the weight of the fuperttruétare, and 
the — of the ground on which it is laid. If the 
f the ground is uniform, and if awa 
e breadth o 
° 
bh 
Cr 
on 
oO 
<< 
Co 
oe 
co 
<i 
OQ 
sw 
S, 
> oo 
2 Pa 
f 
le) 
a) 
fo} 
o 
on 
i 
bY} 
s 
q°2 
[ey 
n 
2) 
Therefore, ne hee is equally sddck, ae readth. 
sagan wil 
the breadth of the sa ea of a wall - eet in height,, 
and 23 ‘t hick upon the d of earth ; the 49:24 
$St4t2 =the ailsee Again, let us ese the bed 
of building” to vary in tex eure, aad let us fuppofe that. 
the former is three degrees of foftnefs, and the latter five ;, 
in Are cafe the breadt h of the bottom footing bein the 
compound ratio of the height of the wall, its breadth and-- 
the degree of foftnefs of the ae ic ft of - data. 
pies as in the apes “example t .X 40 X 3: 
Csr e297 s the aotver, Though a wil is. 
oe only fpoken a yet t the fame operation will apply to 
the mafs of the whole fabric, ee that the weight can; 
be eared 
eader may thi nie the cireumftance rather fingular,, 
that fie Fad of a wall may be thinner than that o hae 
5 tees 
— 
