FOUNDERY. 
ancients, AH authore agree, that the firit cannon were caft 
in,the fourteenth century ; ong fome affix the event to 
the aad 1338 and others to 1380. See Cane and 
G 
The ae bells ig of a middle ftanding, agri the 
“other two, fe of bells is certainly very ancient in 
the wefern church ; and the fame were likewife once ented 
— nt, TF. Vanfleb 
» he had found 
Eut one bell in all fe eaftern church, std ee in a monaf- 
tery in the Upper Egypt. See Beuu. 
ea pai of thefe large works i is rarely any fimple m 
ae a mixture ays everal, We the ill ieee 
ae 
oO 
coat. 
being in 
the heart or "middle of the ftatuc), is a rude lumpifh figure, 
to ek is given the eaaeigril age a s of the {tatue 
inten ; s raifed on n gra eho enough to 
fain it 3 end is fi ccgtkened: nee by feveral “bars, 
ribs of ir 
"tt may ee made at the difcretion of the workmen 3 of 
potters’ clay, mixed up with ee and: hair; or of 
sae . Paris ned — fine. ae 
the core in flatues is to ay t the wax and 
fhell, c leffen che oy ee and ‘ fave metal. In bells it 
takes up all the infide, and preferves the fpace vacant 
where the clapper is hung. In gr a guns | it om the 
he ‘e, from the mouth to nd, in 
ences the chace and chamber. The j iron a atid the 
e brafs figure, through an aperture 
left in it, which is A ee foldered up : but.it is neceflary 
to leave e iron bars of the core that contribute 
to the fteadinefs of the projeéting parts, within the brafs 
figu 
ake wax is a reprefentation of the intended ftatue. If 
it be a piece of fculpture, the wax mutt be all of the fe ulp- 
tor’s own hand, who ufually sea it on the core — ; 
se ar- 
oe as a heiore: filling 
acant {pace in the — with liquid platter and 
brick-duft ; by which, means the inner mould, or core, 
is formed in proportion as Ge {culptor carries on the 
ax. 
When the wax (which is to be of the intended hoe 
of the metal) is finifhed, they fix little waxen tubes perpen- 
or med 
meee on the ribs of i iron over the 
the v 
e to 
iforder, when fe ho t me 
me to enco ier it, the weight of the wax ufed 
herein, is that of the metal adjuited ; ten Stee of this 
the former. 
b 
coat, or cruft, 
ver the wax: and es oft matter, 
r th ell, is varied a 
layers, or ftrata ar : sa ecompofition o 
a a“ old a crucibles, well pat and fifted, and 
mixed up with water, to the éonfiftedce of acolour fit For paint- 
é fhell, thus’ fnifhedy 4 is a and £ trengthened by 
feveral bands, or girts of iron, wound around it at half 
oot’s diftance Hae one oe and aes at alae 
iron, wh 1ey all eaatuat 
ere it muft be ada “that if the flatue be fo big, 
that it. eas not be to move the moulds, when 
thus ae, it muft be one on the fpot where it is 
This is performed two wfys; in the firft, a fquare hole 
is dug under-ground, much bigger than the mould to be 
made therein, and its infides lined with walls of freeftone, 
t the bottom is made a hole, | of the fame ma- 
kin 
this is a tire to be lighted, t 
and epee to melt the wax. Ove 
e grate; and on this the mould, &c. fram 
ans explained. Laftly, at one of the edges of the igure 
pit-is made a large furnace, to melt the metal, as ~ 
hese ae ntio 
Tn the other sy it is fufficient to work the mould aboves 
ground: but with the fame precaution of a furnace, and 
grate, neath: when finifhed, four walls are to be run 
up round it: and, 
a ene inn e. Yor ther 
both. The mould being finifhed, and incited between 
four walls, whether under-ground, or above it, a modera 
fire is a in the furnace under - and the — pees 
with planks, t gentl 
out at pipes contrived for cannon ae at t the the 
i aft ervard Hp ae clofed x w th ees 
as loon as all ie wax is carr 
‘This done, the hole is filled up on bricks ieee in at 
random, and oa fire in the etal is augmented till. fuch- 
time as both the bricks and the id ae me 
which ordiriar fly happens i in twenty-four he heu Then, the 
alae roe a little beaten, to the as of the dae An. 
order to make it the more fir ady. 
Things gerne in this condition, there remains nothing 
but to melt the metal, and, run it into the mould ; 3 this is 
melted metal is conveyed into a large earthen 
beg mould; into the bottom of ahich all the big braaches 
jets, or eats, which are to sae! the metal inte a 
the parts of the mould, are infer 
It mutt be added, that thefe jets are all termi inated, re 
{topped with a kind of plugs, which are kept clofe; noe 
upon opening the furnace the -brafs, which gufhes out like 
long iro 
the whale dyameter of each tube, 
Q 
