FOUNDERY. 
They {moke the-infide of the fhell, by burning ftraw under 
it, that helps to fmooth the furface of the bell. Then they 
Fev the flelt in the place, fo as to leave the fame interval 
pandas tig and the core; and before the Aaah of the 
aked cement. y Pp 
cap, the rings, and vents, over = = a 
a ain ae ee is dried gra ally by covering it wit 
burning coals. "Phen they fill ae aie wit with earth, beat- 
ing it Cony all the time, round the mould. 
"The furnace has a place for the fire, and another for the 
The fire-place has a large chimney, with a {pacious 
afh-hole: the furnace which contains the metal is vaulted, 
whofe bottom is made of earth, rammed down; the reft i 
built with brick. It has four apertures; the firft, through 
ich the flame See eerie 3 the fecond is clofed with a 
3 
itopple, that is opened for the m 
to feparate the drofs, or {coriz, of the metal by wooden 
rakes; through thefe laft apertures paffes the thick {moke. 
The ground of the furnace is built loping, for the metal 
to rundown, See Dict. Commerc. Eng. edit. art. Foun- 
DERY. 
Founpery. Manner of cafling 8 hae Ei or pieces of fac 
artille a. oN he cafting of cannons, tars, and other 
ng 
pieces of ce is performed ach like: that of ftatues and 
Pisa 3 ieee as to what regards the wax, fhell, and 
furn 
bruggen, bi [eae “ Woolwich. "The | ate he be ee 
rit. placed i erpendicular pofition ; but the 
machines ufed for this see por have lately been made to bore 
horizontally, and much more exa@ly than thofe that bore in 
a vertical fituation, Whilft the oe is bored, the outfide is 
turned and polifhed at the fame 
As to the metal, it is fomewhat diferent na both ; 
ing a mixture ef tin, which i at of fta ee 3 
and only having half the anit ‘Of a aa is in bells, 
i. rate of ten pound of tin to an hundred of copper: 
eee the mo 
are the following : 
they put 681b. ie 
a - olb. of m 
2 Viz. a 
See Can- 
NON. 
A cannon is always fhaped a little conical, ee thickeft 
of metal at the breech, where the greateft flor 
powder is made, and diminifhing thence to ie fo 
that if the yan = two inches thick of metal, ine beck 
is fix. 
oe menfred in calibers, i, e. in diameters of the 
Six inches at the muzzle require twenty calibers, 
ee in len anh $ ee is always about the fixth of an 
foc aba play for ‘the ball. For the parts, and their re- 
f{petive ja Nap of different forts of guns, fee Cannon 
and Gu The m da vs iron cannon differs very 
little fiom ioe of brats 
OUND ' Letter 
eee invention ae printing etter we fhall 
under Printing and Ler 
ith > gun ; 
make t 
hod of cafting peak of id 
0 
- ga 
The pain ences kind, &c. - already been explained, 
under the articles CHARACTER 
In the bufinefs of cutting, 2ating, &c. letters for print. 
ing,, the letter-cutter muft be provided with a vice, hand« 
vice, hammers and files of all forts for watch-makers’ ufe 3 
as alfo gravers al {culpters of all forts, and an paeae 
&c. fuitable and fizeable sf the aba letters to be cut: a 
made of box old a rod of fteel,; or the body 
ce xadtly perpendicular to the flat of the 
ufi; ie "fle a fliding gauge, whofe ule is to aac and fet 
off diftances between the fhoulder ne the tooth, oe. tot 
letters, and vee gauges, 
and the gauge for the long letters is the aot of the whole 
body f{uppofed to be divided into forty-two equal parts. The 
gauge for the afcending letters, Roman and Italic, are #2 or 
30 partsof 42, and 33 parts for the ee face. The 
gauge for the fhort letters is # or 18 parts of 42 of the whole 
body for the Roman and Italic, and 22 ae for the Englifh 
The Italic and shee ftanding gauges are to meafure the 
fcope of the Italic ftems, es applying the top and bottom - 
of the gauge to the top and bottom lines of the letters, and 
the other fide of the gauge to the ftem ; for when.the letter 
complies with es three fides of the gauze, that letter has 
its. true 
en are of the letter-cutter is to prepare good 
fteel punches well-tempered, and quite free from all veins 
of iron ; on the face of which he draws or marks the exa@ 
fhape of - letter, with pen and ink, if che letter be large 5 
or with afmooth blunted point of a needle, if it be fmall ; 
~“ then with fizeable and proper fhaped and pointed gra- 
ers and {culpters, digs or {culps out the fteel between. the 
ickas r marks he madeon the face 
leaves i marks ftanding on the face. well thaped 
the infide ftrokes of his letter, he deepens the follows ws with 
the fame tools ; for if aletter be not deep 1 
of the 
with alae oa till it 
3B we proceed to the Seas and juftifying of 
the lace we cae provide a mould to juftify them 
ef which you have a draught in Plate XV. Mifcellany, bah 
» 3° 
Every mould is compofed of an pe and an under part. 
on under tow is spe ga in fg. “he up 
nd is all r refpeds made like the under 
the body and eee near the break where the under 
part hath a {mall rounding groove made in the body. 
ire, or rather half-wire, 11 the upper part, makes the nick 
