FOV . 
bh Ni een ae in two vols. 8vo, ra Si as_well for 
general readers as for the inftruGtian of a He died in 
Wy e was a man. er, great, piety, fond Be salary aa 
extcemely induftrious. 
NIS, in 5 Gensraphy a hl of the ifland of 
pia two miles N.E. of Carlov 
URNO, a i of Afiatic Tarkey in Caramania ; 
104 miles W. é of Satalia. 
OURS, wn of France, in department of the 
Niévre, and chief place of a canton in the diftri& of 
vers, lace contains So, and i c 
bitants, on a territory of 3824 kiliometres, and in 13 c 
nes. 
FOURTEENTH, in Mu/ic, is the replicate or octave of 
the feventh; the major fourteenth hasa ratio oft = 1167 z 
+ 23 f.4+ 101m; the greater minor fourteenth of fome 
= 1131 x + 227 + 98m, and the leaft minor 
Doe 
is 
= 78 
fourteenth = 11202 + 22f + 97m. 
FOURTH, oné of the harmonic intervals or con- 
cords. 
The fourth is the fourth in order of the concords. It 
confifts in hes mixture of two founds, which are in the 
ratio of 3 2.@.0 ome es by chords, whofe 
length are . each other 
It is called fourth, eae containing four terms, or 
founds, between its extremes, and three deyrees; or, as 
being = eee in the order of the natural fcale, from the 
fundam 
aan a pie have doubted whether the fourth 
ata be Fassia 
thofe e nie 
allis, 
ote a tre ati aga 
n. Harm. lib. tv. p. 
Tadeed the ancients al- 
undaries of all the é 
fyftems ; and though oe a as a ke sa by feveral moderns 
in counterpoint, it is {till a mat thematical pone n the 
divifion of the monochord ; and even in counterpoint, as an 
inverfion of the fifth G; nor can a common chord in triad 
be es in its firft flage without a fourth in its com- 
G 
pofition ES When accompanied by the fifth it is certainly 
a: difeord, ‘and fo isthe third accompanied by the fourth, - 
the fifth by the fixth, &c. . Dr. Pepufch and: Padre Mar 
tini clafs the fourth among perfe& caucords and fo do all 
theorifts ia have.dipt into the mufic:of the.ancients, or ma- 
t ematic 
N. B. ee amples of the ufe of. the fourth, in three and 
four-parts, will:be given in notation -upon one of the mufic 
the. interval -which the. ancients called diatef- 
h 
m 
of five of the half-notes of keyed inftruments w 
12 founds ia the oGtave. It is ufually marked rer, in the 
largeft of the th dant element its ratio is 3- = 3_, 
34 
and in Mr. Farey’s new notation is exprefled by 2542+ 5 
’ : 2 
FOU. 
22m: its common logarithm is .8750612,63 39, and its. 
binary or Euler’s aes -415038 (wherein the octave 
= 1); it is = 23.1 major ee : it is alfo the fum 
a major, a nee ane a major femi-tone, is equal to 2 
tones and a limma, to a minor third and minortone, a 
ird jor femi-tone, major tone, two limmas, a4 
an apotome, an id i is a medius femi-tone lefs than the tiitone. - 
Befides - above, feveral other intervals bear the names of 
eae 
f+ 
Hy Flat, the diminifhed fourth of Tartini, or nae 
geese. Hare third ; it is lefs than a true fourth by t 
minor femi-tone, and confifts of four half-notes; its rati 25, 
32 
= . 5° ; : ° 
alee ag a 19m cae its common logarithm is — 
356143 3 it contains 
19.87198 major and con nfs of a major r third and ~ 
n enharmonic die 
major tone and t 
be tuned on 
Fourta, “Sharp, the fuperfluous or a ale of 
ome, or deficient tritone, is greater than a tru rth by 
the minor femitone, and confifts of fix ice 3 : ratio 
= 2 
—.= 2902 + 6f + 25 m, its common loga- 
is -——- — 
5 
rithm is .8573324,9643, and its binary psd «4739323 
contains 24.44423 major commas, and co of a major 
~ 
nd two minor tones; it is the ‘lterence beowe een three 
major tones an ree major comm a tritone and major 
comma, of a minor third and the ae of a pte third and 
minor fourth, and of a minor third and major fixth, whence 
it aah it 
Hy wor oe or redundant tharp fourth, the 
Sore. “fale fourth, o 
by the medius femi-tone ; its ratio is 32 = 35 
+6 26 m: its common logarithm is 851937464544 
and its binary log. 4918513 it is — 44423 major commas 
it is equal to two major and one minor to ce toa major 
d and major ane to the difference between a fifth and 
a major femi-tone, or three tones and a major comma ; it is 
alfo the cae eae oo and two major and one 
minor thir r betw r fourth aa a : fifth and 
major third, ee it ma ee ae 
Fourtn; Greatef Sharp, ordouble sales oe 
the tritonus of the Greek feale, or ancient, o undant, or 
fu uperfluous tritone of fome, is a than a cae fourth by 
the apotome ; its ratio is = 312 £5 + 6 f 
+ 27m; its common logarithm is 846 54243266, - a 
binary log. 509772: it is 28.44423 major commas, 
confiits he: three major ani or ort oa apotomes and ones 
sthe difference betw a limma ; 
odaves, 0 or heh ie fifths 
= 301k 
d three fou 
"Fo OURTH, ee effer Flat, or deficient flat fourths is lefs yr a 
405 
ry +4 1 Woof A *. 
tone; = 32. 
2 
> 
532 
its common logarithm 19 
nove ey the ie an 8 8.8 98 
or QO; t: 2243 itis 1 1 
works of thofe who treat of mufical intervals, and it is the .. Boe1e5 2249 nen en aL ary 108. 330024: 7 
major, commas ¢ a minor tone and two major 
ferai-tones, to a minor eit and a ane to a major third. 
and a minor comma; to a major femi-tones 
.and a limma: it is alfo. ie difference begen three gthe 
