FRA 
Lefer Fra@ion of Mr. Overend is an interval, which 
refults either by taking a minor comma from a prifma, 
ora 
femi-comma maxime froma a greater refidual ; 3 itis the {malleft . 
7 f + 31m, the 
ex ere for the fifth in dup oan. fhews, that it con- 
tains feven half-notes or tinger-key intervals, and fo of any 
other interva'. 
45012835905 89019972363 
4501395 95257 37:049,600 
=; in the new notation it is marked 
Tts ratio is ; which in .its come 
ponent primes is — 
its common logarithm is .g999266,5010, whereof the reci- 
procal 18 -733,49903 its binar Euler’s logarithm is 
090259: it having that decimal relation to the octave 
It is ee to .o1 3601 major commas, of which it is the 
73: es part; it is equal 19.03541 minutes, of which 
‘it is the a . part ; alfo to .149¢61 {chifmas, of which 
it is the — part. 
6.52 
This interval refale nee = caglaaunes of numerous _ 
intervals, as two ifm refidual, thre 
{chifmas from a nei refidual, fou ‘chit from a fem 
comma major, five {chifmas from a femi-comma maxim 
two medius refiduals from meat minor vetidwals, five adi 
refiduals from three greater refiduals, two greater refiduals 
ve minor refiduals, a femi-comma major from two 
interval alfo refults when 14 fifths 
taken from 21 minor fourths, but thefe tuneable intervals do 
not furnifh a pra€ticable mode of ieee this, perhaps, un- 
appreciable interval, becaufe pipes to the compafs of near 
nine ose would be wanted for putting the fame in 
ractic 
. ‘Medius fration of Dr. €allcott, is an interval which 
refults as the difference between a major and a greater 
refidual ; it is marked d in Dr. C’s MSS. its ratio is 
50,000,600;0° 0,000,000 a 5” 
$0,031545;098,999,707" 
value in the new notation is 2 — + m, its common 
logarithm i is. Cee 260,8915, and reciprocal pe ohag hs ; its 
er’s log. is 000893, and it 
which in primes is 3 its 
here efore on aaa anes but it can fcarcely admit of ‘ 
peer = ing b ethod, on account of the great 
number oF pee 8 an ate ned, 
Greater fraction of Mr. Once nd, is an acai die Bs 
not refult irom the fimple {ubtraction of any t 
—— ah but is um of a ae us "padiion 
and t ons, it is marked F, its ratio is 
40946," * 32 s462e881,367,5 F542 7. 7349375 _ 3°5 _ y 
4195 -1702415J3 4152 15099)596145 05496 : ~ 
? - FRA 
+ m; its” camnion or is. 38 
redprocal 4206,15655 its bin log. “9995793 935 8 a 
-07797 major —— oa “Bs8ao2 fchifmas 3 it is the 
difference between a maj i 
between an o¢tave and 13 medius femitones; it is ‘the 
aaeence between a figina and minute, and a leffer 
tion, between a major comma, 
between a major refidual and 
! 13 major thirds are 
7 fuurths, this interval refults, but it can 
{carcely admit of correét tuning by thefe methods. 
FRACTURE, in Surgery, may be defined to be a 
folution of continuity in a bone, co eangtly ae cafio by 
external violence; but fometimes by the perce action 
of the ames as is almott aie es cafe with 1 regard to 
the kn The wher of a one with a cut- 
abre, is ae ufually contidered as 
clafs of j ee sees fractures, although 
it will certainly ‘all within the meaning of ords em- 
ployed in our defi Siri However, 
common fenfe knows that there is 
u not very e f re- 
moval: all the m aot diltinguithed { furgical authors have been 
obliged to be content with defining a fra@ture in terms, more 
or lefs, like thofe which we have ventured to ufe, 
General Remarks on Fra@ures. - 
Fradtures are divided into fimple, compound, and come 
ae 
fing SraGure i is Aig in which the bone or bones are 
a broken in one while the foft parts remain free 
rom any external Bier » communicating nas with 
the fracture. 
A compo 6 fraéure is {o called, 
vA per fred is fo cance, when the iajured bone 
is oe _ feveral 
paid ae ae ‘be broad, like the feapula and 
iss Or, it may be fhort and thick, like the 
$5 or, laftly, it t may Belen ng to 
ones, which are tually. te ad by ana- 
e 
bones of the 
fe) 
a eylindies 1. 
Il the bones of the body are bos equally expof 
ota he c me ave mose or lefs p oteGiet fae aa pe - 
externa bie by their Buhation 3 oth b 
fhape and On the ot im ee! 
fra€turéd, on account of their havi ing a 
which render them a and in bl : 
ing any confiderable refiftance a “— 
e 
uel ban of the {capula, seni: are an exception to 
e fhort, thick bones are {till lefs frequently brok 
Indeed, thei ae gives them fuch ft Do and the ey ay 
generally fo furrounded with elattic cartilaginoizs ee 
that 
