eeacrur® 
them. ways 
in confequence of their being ie d by fume pee weight, 
6f waggou-wheel; or wed their. ae ruck by a cannon 
ball, or bullet 
remark : 
e one exception to make to this 
into twa pieces by a ares Pation of the mufcles con- 
cerned in the Sapa of the leg eet Hah fons ae the 
ftrength of the mufcles exceedingly high ew, unac- 
haar /™ the -— which prefent Pa mcee in eee. 
ould hav onception that the mufcles could rend 
ea firm re of the bones with which they are con- 
ected 
The lo oo bones, as Boyer remarks, whether 
hey ae - pillars, as levers, or as arch-ending points of 
refitance and fuppo t, are more ys aie rae than 
any other defcription of bones. ‘They be broken at 
any part ut eee aie ch of eaeee Ys a ie majority of 
inftances, happens at the point of bifeétion: the fracture 
at of a “hick bent bathe its natural 
being eee, Tike th 
ied at each extr 
thigh-bone, and hum 
fe diverfity in tie fitnation of fra&tures of the long 
bones makes a material ne vats refpeét to the trouble 
which is pe ly to attend the ment. A fracture near 
of the bone is the ce cen for although 
the bone is there more flender, and the ends of t re 
the broken part, and, of courfe, the “nn cent 
foft parts are generally free from injury. Befides,. it is a 
well-known faé, that much more vi 
break the bone near one of its ends than in the middle; and, 
ey aaa the firft cafe muft common] 
with more ferious mif a i 
appen about the 
rts of the ing mes ical Gone, can be more 
cHettually conduéted, becaufe the apparatus, ype em- 
a 
z. 
aM 
_ 
the iajury. ‘ 
tear “the heads f the long bones are 
manage, and moft da angero s in their confequence 
have to Genta that, in thefe cope en a ee 
ff, 
joint is alfo apt to inflame, become {tiff, and fometimes af- 
feéted with an incurable anchylofis. 
other circumftance, making a material difference i in 
when they are Geatcaed b 
gun 
A knowledge of the kinds of eee (if we may 
ufe this pee to which the ends of a fracture are hea ‘ 
the er in which fuch difplacement is pro ’ 
is highly ‘mportant in practice: for the grand pee in nthe 
treatment confifts in preventing the extremities of t 
ture from becoming feparated, and in re€tifying i. pole 
tion, hata they happen to . difplaced 
way in which - 7 
fymptoms of oe ee are ey efe a peste furgic 
fr atures are 
“6 
3 
further from the treth than this idea. It the 
great fkill, in the treatment of bce laae conf in eeping 
the ae! o the oe Lad e bor a flate 
ta t we are infer fase this eis that 
bei a bone is broken, ond may be difplaced, ee it mu/? 
i ere we to SSL ie that there is no 
appears no deformity, our desi ioe, 
arhne from this perce eeu ba ‘difplay ignorance, 
and be produétive of highly mifchievous confequences to 
a 
> & | 
Q 
4% 
o 
o) 
~) 
ea 
the patient. . The leg, that part of the body fo peculiarly 
ofed co a variety of accidents, is frequently broken, 
while the form of the limb remains unchang 
which often prefents us with a ftriking illuitration of this 
fa&, is when the tibia only is fraGtured near its upper hear, 
where : diameter is confiderable, and confequently the 
furfaces eppofed to each other fo e, that the 
hardly rue of ig feparated. is i 
fibula alfo operates as a {plint, and keeps the extremities of 
the fraGture in their proper fituation 
as we have been, of  conesing the miflaken 
fra€tures ] 
idea, that a deviation of the broken part of a bon it 
right and natural pofition, and a confequent alt cote ia 
a original ape and appearance of the imb, or part, are 
now 
ex re send 
thea arm an nd t ig ey pat ts without 
broken 
— pe prtagt le in eonlcques nce of the ends of the 
of t 
bon 
inward, and ae Hareb ae the fwperior; or ae ex- 
ternal part i i 
internal of the latter. 
direCtion of the sag Hie . has bone does not - produce any 
fhortening of the | en the tranf{verfe dees. 
ment is complete ‘ties fallow that parallel to the axis of 
= ‘bone. ‘The derangement in the direétion of the diame- 
er ha em when the fractured sieges i. of a confiderable 
ae as he tibia, for infta ance, when. e fra wre is tran{- 
fracture be 08 ig the furfaces not extenfive, and the 
» the rie cua in ied sal = ‘ne 
imb is allo, 
