FRACTURE, 
oe portion is forced backwards. 
pocrates recommends the patient to be 
{a plank, for aa and his fhoulders to be “iron rt sear 
e, and maintained in this 
In ae cafes, bode, 
aid o ard b 
, he recomm 
be brought A eleee on ae break, and the palm of the and 
to be applied againft the oppofite fhoulder. And, with-re- 
{pect to the cafe, which very rarely occurs, of the feapular 
“portion projecting above the fternal, he fays nothing, as the 
weight of the fhoulder is alone fufficient: to bring it to its 
ssid fituation.. 
hat cane Eeginets fays on fra€iures of the cla- 
aac feems to be entary on the text of Hippocrates; 
he makes his nat - carrying the arm upwards an 
ss, he places a : comprefs between 
ba 
ckwards, and 
e varies, rey) 
age im the axilla, to make a mo ¢ forcible ‘extenfion,. when 
the means re cmeaniaa by eee are inadequate to 
the reduétio 
. 6 Albucatis, the author, — revived fargery among the 
oave 
a ball: in - axilla, ‘and a ae of the. figure-of-8 ba 
fhoulder conftantly elevated; and fupported the 
arm Gene ne day.in a fling, which he- fixed, in the day, 
ta the neck. of the ‘patient, ang {upported, at ‘night, by t 
Placing a ee under the axi 
« Lanfranc and Gui de Chacbae! have only tranfcribed 
what has ae faid by the above-mentioned authors’: the 
lait, inftead of laying the patient on a thick pillow, attempts 
the oS by applying | gies between the fhoulders 
of the patient (agree moft modern practitioners, 
who' have ‘imitated this oe , ae if the deprefled por- 
tion w by this means fufticiently elevated, a anaes 
mended the’ o ame of an agglutinative plaf 
effect, a doétrin aoe abiu rd, that we 
e modern authors. 
than pr eceding _vrifers 
whofe works’ he has attentively confidered, and from whom 
or; he recommends. ae ball 
ing "the whole sae isk but ftill 
uise the figure-o £8 handace. 
«« Subfequent writers have aie commented on thofe au- 
theme we have recited; but, as the gre part were not 
gems they have e omitted the oa of one part 
of their r do &rine, the moft effential of all. 
-« he ball, which, with Paulus A ginetus, Acvicennus, 
a medi of redudtion, has 
merely ‘a -means to fill 
ts being ae eat from: the 
application of the bandage : but ‘this is not the only error 
into which they have fallen,’ aes ee ‘of the'clavicle was 
invariably: with more efs de -formity, ‘ ‘a‘remar. 
rae y made. 0 urge , mifled by a falfe’ oe 
refpeCing- the é union: of fratturés, ‘conceived: it was impoi- 
fible to farround the clavicle ee a eee that would pre- 
vent ‘the irfegular ea of the callus. Som ee Roeser 
obferved that the banda the ancie nts, then in ufe, did 
raGtured por ion 5 . 5 bit the 
O pr O- 
e are “aftonifhe d 
8 8 
8 
re 
1166 ‘Phe iron crofs. of Heifher and of the author of see La 
is /Eginetus the idea of Placing 
ee 
‘the author amploys no ele 
& prin 
with ‘one hand,° and with the other to fupport the 4 
a ay complette,” the comprefs ies which Mr. Petie: 
kep the fhoulders backwards, and other contrivances, are 
sp Mca and infuffi f which are demoatftrated 
every modern author ; eed, -it is unneceffa ary to 
reafan on the fubje€t, as we find, frome a it is abs 
pane inadequate to “produce the effet we - and, in- 
n. the opinion of all: furgeons, no ban oe has been 
yet ary to a al fractured ae fullciently to 
prevent anaeaes 
“ Default, al i handled that a conftant fate of ex. 
tenfion was abfolutely neceflary to keep the parts in a ftate 
of immobility and procure their te-union, i in 1768, 
a bandage that completely anfwered this indication, whith 
fome eta gaa conceiv dis to be found in Paulus Aig: 
netus.. - This. author certainly accomphthed reduction 
when it was difficult, by’ bringing the elbow on the breatt, 
and feparating, at the fame time, the fuperior part ‘of the 
arm, by means of a thick placed in. the axilla 5 but, 
from. his own. account, 
this m 
ane applicatio et 
oa placing a » bal of ee in the anille was oe to furnith 
a: point of fupport to the bandage, which, without this’ pre- 
caution, would have paffed only over thofe parts where the 
mufcles proje at further confirms this idea is, that 
é rd to keep the arm clofe to-the 
trunk ; but reits fatisfied with fafpending it to the neck by 
means of a leather we oe ee the fore-arm ina 
fling, in the fame way as aft ap ig edin i -recom- 
ee ae ball that a nee in pt i 
tk 3 but itil w not ag his 
cl h 
o fet a bro en clavicle j in the soowing 
manner. ev The patient was defired to ftand, while an 
elevated a arm fufficiently to make.it perpendicular to ike 
axis of the Default: next aah to the fide uf: the 
rea ‘ s the humerus, «in 
the form a a wedge, the w wh ich was, from four ‘to 
was- as placed in the axilla, and retained in” ‘that fitudtion by 
of a banda d three fin- 
uation 
round the body,. then ‘paffed before the breaft 2 
a _— ois behind, and afterwards un ang s the 
then ought eve ontally before- the breaft én 
the vie hes cbiguely epwards be behind the breaft; “ the 
right fhoulder, juft: fo en undér then tt was 
carried. horizontally behind ae bitalt o on: the. pad, and con- 
tinued _in the. fame way ‘il ‘the a bandage wae CK: 
pen 
The fnceeon lupported the ‘pad in: the axilla ‘with on 
hand, and with the other elevated: the elbow; fo: as-to: bring 
the feapular - frag: a of the clavicle in contagt with the 
sot portion, Pe the pad againft the bieatt'; making 
with army, method, a ee of the fr. ecies, 
by Which means the arm: w: as brou ught: ‘froin the trunk; ‘a and 
the clavicle kept in a fate apa enfion. 
- Ar aflittant was defired to retain the arth in’ ‘this fituatton 
Shera 
- bent 
a 
